Essay Is Religion Just a Joke - 985 Words

Is Religion Just a Joke? Driving with my friend to the movies one evening last winter we discovered a group of people bundled up and picketing by The Safari movie theatre in Moorhead.à  My friend and I didn’t know what movie we wanted to watch, but these protesters made up our mind.à  We decided to see the movie â€Å"Dogma† because that was the very movie these outraged people were boycotting.à  Sometimes people carry their religion to the point where it has an adverse effect on people.à  This was the case that evening. As we watched â€Å"Dogma,† my friend and I laughed hysterically.à  It wasn’t nearly as bad as the protestors suggested.à  The view the â€Å"outraged Christians† and I seemed to disagree on was they took the movie literally, whereas†¦show more content†¦Brian, the priest, has sworn his life to celibacy while Jake, the rabbi, is forced by his religion to only marry someone who is of Jewish faith.à  This complicates things further as Brian has sexual fantasies and is unable to confront them.à  Jake is also in trouble as his congregation has decided to play matchmaker and he is thrust forward into many unwanted dates.à  When Jake secretly dates Anna, who is not Jewish, and keeps it from their best friend Brian, who is also in love with Anna, trouble ensues.à  Will both Jake and Brian be able to keep faithful with their congregations?à  Will they be able to be faithful with their religions†¦each other?à  You’ll just have to rent the outrageous comedy â€Å"Keeping the Faith† in order to find out. I found â€Å"Keeping the Faith† ecstatically funny.à  The way Norton and Stiller have turned their congregations into more of a comedy club instead of a church is idealistic for today’s â€Å"If it’s not entertaining, it’s not worth it,† mentality.à  They show it is possible to remain faithful and still have a good time.à  Surprisingly, there were no protesters outside the theatre whenShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was an interesting man with many opinions and ideas, ranging from Religion, to philosophy, to medicine, all the way to science. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856 in Maravia, but grew up in Vienna. He started out by studying medicine, then later, in 1885, traveled to Paris, where Charcot encouraged him to study hysteria from a pschological point of view. Then later, in 1895, making his first publishing, Uber Hysterie. Freud was the man who came up withRead MoreIt is Not a Crime to Be an Ignorant Racist Essay869 Words   |  4 Pages Racism is a very real part of modern society, but should it be punished? Should people all over the world accept those individuals who discriminate against others just because of their skin colour? In this essay I will determine whether being racist is a crime or not and whether racism should be classed as an offence that deserves punishment. Racial abuse is now commonplace in many towns and cities throughout the world. Starting in the days of Martin Luther-King whoRead MoreThe Comedy Show At Comedy Club Show By Daniel Tosh And The Star Of Various Stand Up Comedy862 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone loves comedy, it brings smiles with friends, and even laughter when you re hurt. Being funny is a very sought after characteristic of most people. In today s world, many people aspire to become famous comedians cracking jokes on their own tour, or having their very own spot on Saturday Night Live or a Comedy Central show. From these, only a few succeed to become famous comedians. While most of the comedians we know of today came from the Saturday Night Live show, one particularly funnyRead MoreA Satirical Article On Cultural Relativism Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesHebdo media murders in France January 2015 is a fine example of the way in which the views of the world are diverse depending on different cultural perspectives. Charlie Hebdo is a satirical weekly newspaper, it takes contentious world issues such as religion and politics and holds them up to the world with the intent to disgrace individuals, cooperation’s and society in order to get them to improve. Due to its almost antagonistic manner it was a successful target of a ‘terrorist attack’. Two armed gunmenRead MoreDiversity Paper1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthis may seem to fall under the topic of gender, I believe it is a separate issue. If you are attracted to men, you are looking for a particular set of character and physical traits. Your ideal may include a muscular body structure, a height range just above your own, a vibrant skin tone. You want a man who is well spoken and considerate of your needs, as well as a man capable of satisfying your sexual desires. You also know that this man (if he is straight, if not he has a different set of characteristicsRead More Behavioral Differences in Humans Essay example1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthis may seem to fall under the topic of gender, I believe it is a separate issue. If you are attracted to men, you are looking for a particular set of character and physical traits. Your ideal may include a muscular body structure, a height range just above your own, a vibrant skin tone. You want a man who is well spoken and considerate of your needs, as well as a man capable of satisfying your sexual desires. You also know that this man (if he is straight, if not he has a different set of characteristicsRead MoreMedia Influences The People Who Watch It Or Are People Influencing The Media?891 Words   |  4 Pagesimpulsive and even though woman are underrepsnted in most episodes the female characters in the show either have power or are the voice of reason. Even still woman in the show become the â€Å"butt of the joke† just like everyone else. Black people in the show are also underrepresented as well but it’s because it’s a joke where a there only one black person among white people is the token black per son. There is even a character named token and his family are the only black people in South Park but as seasons rolledRead MoreThe Television Show South Park1650 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience. Stuart Hall outlines this in his encoding and decoding model. One of the most apparent examples of this is the television show South Park. The television show South Park is a media text with the producers’ preferred meaning of being decoded as joke or as being satire, but many audience members take an oppositional stance of taking it seriously. This is clear from the examples of controversy when South Park aired episodes focused on Scientology, red-headed people, and Islam. Through these examplesRead MoreReligious Documentary Comedy Directed By Larry Charles Staring The Infamous Bill Maher879 Words   |  4 Pagesby Larry Charles staring the infamous Bill Maher. The film follows Maher as he searches for answers concerning major religions and there legitimacy. Comedian and commentato r Bill Maher, who grew up Catholic of a Catholic father and Jewish mother, believes that organized religion is a detriment to the progress of society. He also believes that many tenets of the various religions worldwide will end up being self-fulfilling prophecies because man can now achieve them. He has trouble understandingRead MoreCompare And Contrast Bergson And Davis Theories1743 Words   |  7 Pagesdo not frequently laugh in isolation. For instance, the example Bergson used was about a group of travelers laughing and a bystander not affiliated with the group, not laughing. Because the bystander was isolated from the group and not part of the joke, the bystander did not laugh. For this is a good example of no laughter in isolation, but there are cases where people can be alone and laugh at themselves in isolation. A person could trip over their kids toy and laugh because the toy was out of place

Importance Of Books In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury

Books’ are a pillar of human civilization, they have cultivated our minds and expression. In most of human history, the powerful have tried to overwhelm the weak, and they have done this through the suppression information and knowledge. Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury discusses these ideas, by creating a dystopian society where the mere existence of books has been banned and eradicated. This fictional world in some facets of life has paralleled our own society, and for its time was inexplicably accurate in its predictions. The banning of books in society unnecessarily promotes the issue of suppression of knowledge and education. Reading banned books provides an intrinsic value, with its benefits heavily outweighing the drawbacks, it offers†¦show more content†¦Whether it is for moral, political, or religious reasons, the banning of books is the suppression of knowledge and ideas. However, when a society decides to ban books, they are actively acknowledging the idea th at it is acceptable to restrict an individual’s freedom. Fahrenheit 451 depicts the vision of life where society allows a power, such as a government, to control free decision and thought. Although it was the most extreme version of banning, through the act of burning, it portrayed the destruction of the individuals’ choice to decide the idea of right and wrong. If someone does not want their child reading a book, they can prevent them, if someone does not agree with the contents of a book, they do not have to read it, nevertheless, that is their freedom to choose. Fahrenheit 451 discusses the desire for freedom, without the choice, no one will be able to fully understand the truth. This is the desire of Montag in the novel, is to read books, so that he can come to the truth on his own. It comes down to the rationality of who is allowed to justify morality, and the value it has in enhancing our lives and expression. Admittedly, banning books has shown benefits in protecting the innocence of the youth. In the U.S. most books are banned by school’s due to parents urging. With parents feeling uncomfortable with the contents of books, and the idea that it will be introduced to their children, they feel the necessity to ban itShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury Compare And Contrast Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting Characteristics Ray Bradbury’s creation of character Montag in Fahrenheit 451 mirrors his own personal fears, social expectations, and importance of relations. Fahrenheit 451 is split up into 3 characteristics that the author, Ray Bradbury and the main character, Guy Montag share, bringing them to show their most common interests†¦ their love for book. They are willing to go to the fullest extinct for their passion without letting anything get in their way and taking allRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Power of Books1470 Words   |  6 PagesTHE POWER OF BOOKS ESSAY Guy Montag’s â€Å"crime against society†, was that he understood the power of books. Fahrenheit 451 (1953), written by Ray Bradbury depicts a dystopian society which, due to the absence of books, discourages intellect and punishes free-will. As receptacles of knowledge, books give human beings a unique power, as they encourage and nurture intellect and understanding. The intellectual metamorphosis that Montag undergoes renders him aware of this fact, making him anRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And The Allegory Of The Cave By Ray Bradbury952 Words   |  4 Pagespeople do not walk to a bookshelf and read a book in a one sitting anymore. Has the current world become similar to the society in Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury? Fahrenheit 451 is set in a future idea of the world, where books are forbidden. Firefighters have a different type of job in this world; instead of putting out fires, they start them. One of the firefighters, Guy Montag, is not as interested in his job, he becomes interested in books. At a point in the story he is hunted down byRead MoreFahren heit 451 : The Burning Truth1149 Words   |  5 PagesAlnagadi Doctor Clare Little Humanities 142 Aug/7/2014 â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†: The Burning Truth Introduction Fahrenheit 451 is the actual temperature at which paper catches fire. The story by Ray Bradbury represents a social criticism that alarms individuals against the risk of suppressing their feelings due to restrictions. The fascinating story of Bradbury, ‘Fahrenheit 451’ is interestingly well constructed. It can be clearly recognized that the book broadens the idea of a short story that the author wroteRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511721 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature slowly disappear from the minds of the population? This is the question that Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, attempts to answer. In this book, he describes a hypothetical world in which the population not only avoids reading, but has made owning books an unthinkable crime, with all books discovered burned, along with the houses of those who hoarded them. In this dystopian future created by Bradbury, the beauty that is literature has been replaced in society by television programs andRe ad MoreRay Bradburys Fahrenheit 451: A World Without Books1095 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"There is more than one way to burn a book. And the world is full of people running about with lit matches† (Wikiquote, â€Å"Ray Bradbury†). Author Ray Bradbury made this observation in 1979 and his thought has only become more true as time has gone on. Bradbury warns of the possibility of this happening in his novel, Fahrenheit 451. The message of Fahrenheit 451 is more important than ever because today’s book editors, movie critics, and plays have intentionally and unintentionally removed Bradbury’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1222 Words   |  5 PagesSocietal Similarities Which of the three novels that were read this quarter related the most to modern American society? The first novel that was read this quarter was Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, and this novel was about a dystopian society and the importance of reading. The next book that was read was Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and this novel was about a society where production is the first priority. Then the last novel read was 1984 by George Orwell, this novel was about a society whereRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511410 Words   |  6 PagesRay Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, published in 1953 by Ballantine Books, rose to fame quickly and surely as a grandfather of the dystopian genre. A year after its release, Greg Conklin of Galaxy Science Fiction named the novel, â€Å"among the great works of the imagination written in English in the last decade or more† (Conklin). The Chicago Sunday Tribune s August Derleth called it a shockingly savage prophetic view of one poss ible future way of life, while honoring Bradbury in sight of his brilliantRead MoreFarenheit 451 : Author And Original Year Of Publication1705 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish Novel Study Form Title: Fahrenheit 451 Author and Original Year of Publication: Bradbury, 1953 MLA citation: Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Publishing, 1978. Print. Pertinent biographical information on author (must include a citation that matches the Works Cited page): Ray Bradbury was born in Waukegan, Illinois on August 22, 1920. Bradbury chose the writer path at the age of twelve and thirteen where he later discovered the importance of writing and the library whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1396 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Freedom of Information in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury This study examines the issue of freedom of information in the story of literary oppression found in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Bradbury presents the oppression of an authoritarian state that does not allow its citizens to reads books. Guy Montag is initially a servant of the state that requires him to locate and persecute members of the community that still collect books. In various cases, Bradbury defines the rights of certain

Auditing and Assurance Global Financial Setback

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Assurance for Global Financial Setback. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the potential liabilities of the auditors toward the business enterprises and third party. Auditor liabilities have become an important debate issue for the public after Global Financial Crisis. Global Financial Crisis was a setback for the economy for whole globe, it triggered down the economy in middle of 2007 and in 2008. Global financial crisis affect the business of many large institution and there was a big collapse of the financial institutions. This report also contains the recommendations, that can assist in the controlling the loss of business and third party. Global financial crisis Global Financial Crisis affected the whole worlds financial institutions, mainly the economy of US (Shefrin and Shaw, 2016). In this purview Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, American international group, HBOS and many large institutions had collapsed. Lehman Brothers collapsed due to many reasons such as, Credit Default Swaps, misrepresentations of financial statements and unethical behavior of the executives. Notably, the auditors were negligent to perform her duties properly. Moreover, Lehman Brother used the 105 Repo to show the financial position healthy than the real position. Ernst and Young did not disclose the impact of the 105 Repo, to the government, investors and creditors. On the other hand, HBOS a banking and insurance institution in UK. It was also failed, at the time commercial real estate business was on peak and their quality of lending was not appropriate. The HBOS plc was unable to meet the liability. The underlying balance sheet of HBOS was very weak due to the crisis of financial system and the banking staffs not have the professional skills that can handle the financial mismanagement of auditing. Auditors liabilities under law Auditor in the company is as a pillar which shapes the businesses financial strength through directing the company account. Auditors liabilities can be defined as the responsibility of accountants to maintain the company account and relationship with third party (Gay and Simnett, 2015). Liabilities stated as the responsibilities of auditor toward the assessment of the account handling. The liabilities of the auditors have been increased for the purpose of controlling the financial inclusion of the business. Auditors play an important role in internal control in the business through managing the financial stability of the business. Auditors common law liability arises due to the fraud, breach of contract and negligence when an auditor does not performs his duty as per the contract rules and regulations. These liabilities arise due to the common behavior and statutory legality obligation. The common liabilities are as follows- Negligence liabilities Negligence Liabilities arises in the situation when an auditor acts negligibly and it leads to the loss for a business (Leung and Coram, 2012 ). In many situations where accountant fails to use their skills and professional care for the business organization to handle the business accounts, it leads to the negligence of liability of auditors. Furthermore, if any negligence liability occurs, auditor is liable for the loss of companys financial positions. Moreover, this liability may occur due to the misunderstanding regarding the duties assumed by the auditors. In recent years many cases arises against the auditors for the claim for loss. Criminal and civil offence liabilities Auditors are potentially liable for the criminal and civil offense. These liabilities arises when an auditor demolish the government rules and regulation, that need to be followed for a better financial management. Criminal offence is a crime against the state law, when auditor breakdown the legal rules relating to liability (Gibson and Fraser, 2013). In context of criminal offence an auditor present the false report, balance sheet and financial statements of the firm, than third party can sue for claim the loss. In this regard auditors mislead or deceptive practices of auditing for organizations occurred, it resulted into the loss for business. Moreover, large money is lost by the creditors and investors due to the misstatement regarding the shares and debentures, it comes under the civil liability for the auditors to present the actual listing of shares and debentures. Auditors are liable to perform as they contract with the firm, if accountant fails to perform his duty legally firm can sue against the auditors to breach the contract. This is the legal liability of auditors and firm can oblige to act according the terms of contract. Under the contract law innocent party can seek for damages. Liability of misrepresentations Auditor is liable for the tort with the audit of account. Auditor cannot distort the financial statement of the company (Latimer, 2012). Auditors duty is to present the real picture of the companys financial position through which investors and shareholder can take the decision to invest in the institutions. On the other hand, creditors, shareholder and investors suffer the loss due the auditors report of financial statements, auditor is liable to pay the loss amount to the third party. Proportionate liabilities Proportionate liability of the auditors can promote the competition in the market. It is stated regarding the proportionate liability, the auditors would be liable for the actual loss of shareholder. The Australian model explained that an auditor cannot exempt from the liability in course of the blame by the shareholders. Major Australian state set the maximum liability of auditors ten times of fee. Auditor liabilities in the context of global financial crisis In the global financial crisis of 2007 many financial institutions collapsed a short time after unqualified audit reports were given by the auditors. This is a serious issue. An auditors report is an integral part of the financial statements of a company disclosed to public. The unqualified audit report by an auditor means that the auditor is conveying that the financial statements of the company are showing a true and fair picture of the financial position of the company and all the generally accepted accounting principles as required by the regulating authority have been followed in the preparation of the financial statements (Australian Securities And Investments Commission, 2016). The unqualified opinion of the auditor also means that the auditor agrees with the accounting policies and methods of treatment of accounting entries followed by the business enterprise. An auditor can be prosecuted under the criminal law of Australia for knowingly or recklessly including misleading, fa lse or deceptive matters in an audit report. In other words an auditor can be held liable for knowingly giving a wrong audit opinion (Accaglobal.com, 2016). In a case relating to Ernst and Young, an auditing firm, a law suit was filed by the New York attorney general against the firm for helping Lehman Brothers, a bank, in misleading investors by hiding material information from them (Reuters.com, 2016). Ernst and Young were auditors of Lehman Brothers. The auditing firm used unfair methods to make debts disappear from the financial statements of Lehman Brothers. These liabilities were not shown in the balance sheet presenting a much better financial position of Lehman Brothers than it actually was. Ernst and Young settled the law suit by agreeing to pay an amount of ten million dollars. Many of the financial institutions including banks which collapsed as a result of the global financial crisis did not record all their assets and liabilities in their financial statements. Moreover, assets were shown by some of the banks at much higher values than their actual values. Many companies made use of financial derivatives to conceal their losses and true risks involved in their business transactions. The internal auditors of these companies had also failed in their duties. There seemed to be complete lack of corporate governance. In several cases the directors and senior management had supported fraudulent practices (Soh and Bennie, 2011). It is the duty of the auditor to ensure that the company shows all its assets in the financial statements. In a case where officials of a business enterprise do not reveal all assets owned by it in its accounting records as per Australian accounting standards which meet the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards and misappropriate assets of the organization, then it is an example of a fraud. An auditor is expected to report the fraud to the relevant authorities. But if there is a case where the auditor has failed to do so and the auditor argues that it was not able to detect the fraud, then, it is considered by law if the auditor had put into action competently an audit plan which had reasonable possibility of detecting a fraud. In other words there should be no case of negligence on the part of the auditor in deciding the scope and performing the audit with due care. In a legal case in Australia the judge Moffitt J observed in Pacific Acceptance Corporation v. Forsyth (1970) 92 WN (NSW) 29 at 65): 'If fraud has taken place and is undetected by the auditor he is blameworthy in the eyes of the law [but] only so far as he has been negligent in determining the scope and character of his examination' (Serperlaw.com, 2016) It has to be understood that an auditor is expected by Australian Law to act as a skilled inquirer while performing the audit. The auditor is expected to study documents of the company and take samples. The provisions of section 50 of Corporation Act are used to determine whether the auditor took sufficient care in carrying out the audit or there has been a breach of duty by the auditor. So far as valuation of assets of a company is considered, an auditor is expected to arrive at a range of possible values for a particular asset and then see the estimated value of the asset as arrived at by the company falls within the range of values chosen by the auditor. If there are material uncertainties with regard to the valuation of an asset then the auditor is required to make an emphasis of matter in the auditors report. The auditor is expected to make use of the individuals professional experience and skill in estimating the value of an asset (Caanz, 2016). Sometimes there is lot of subjectivity or uncertainty involved in making accounting estimates, which can be described as inherent limitations of an audit. The auditor is expected to mention risks related to audit in the auditors report. The auditor is expected to have knowledge of the business of the company it is auditing and also know about the particular industry and the company customers. But an auditor is not expected to predict accurately what would be the market price of an asset owned by a company in future. The auditors work is primarily related to give opinion regarding the financial statements which are records of the past business transactions of the company. The quality of work being done by the auditors over the years has been questioned by many people. The collapse of companies like Allco, Westpoint, Centro, Storm financial, Opes Prime and Babcock and Brown in Australia has put renewed focus on the allegations of negligence by auditors of certain companies in carrying out their duties (Kordamentha.com, 2016). There are creditors and suppliers who have done business with a company on the basis of the information given in the audited financial statements and auditors report relating to that organization (Chung et al., 2010). If that company becomes insolvent after sometime, these creditors and suppliers would not be paid their money owed by the particular company. In this case these parties have suffered a loss due to the inefficiency and negligence of auditors. It is assumed that a company would continue to be in business for coming years. This is known as the assumption of going concern. Where a company faces huge risks including a liquidity crunch, which are likely to lead to closure of the company in the near future, then it is the duty of the directors of the company to mention this in an assessment which is part of the financial statements (Taylor, Tower and Neilson, 2010). The auditors are required by Australian auditing standards to review this assessment by directors and mention in their audit report whether there is existence of material uncertainty that puts in danger the companys going concern status (Xu et al., 2013). If the directors have failed to make a right assessment about the companys going concern status then the auditor should not give an unqualified audit opinion but would give an adverse opinion. If the auditor fails to mention material uncertainty that would lead to company ceasing to be a going concern then it is a case of negligence by the auditors. In the case of global crisis some of the companies became insolvent. It would be considered by law if the auditor of the company knew about material uncertainties surrounding the existence of the companies as a going concern and if they were mentioned by the auditor in auditors report. In the case of some banks that became insolvent after the global financial crisis, there seem to be inadequate internal controls. These banks made rash investments without proper risk analysis (Taylor, Tower and Neilson, 2010). Loans were advanced to people by banks for buying houses even when these people did not have the ability to pay interest to banks on such loans. Banks bought securities of companies which were not good. It is the duty of the auditors to also assess the internal control system in an organization during the audit process. One of the examples of a business failing because of its risky business models is that of Storm Financial (Sydney Morning Herald, 2016). This company performed the role of financial planner for its clients. Storm Financial encouraged its clients to borrow more in order to maximize its fee. But the company did not advise the investors properly that they were putting their funds in highly risky securities. Storm Financial exercised almost negligible control over the investments made by its clients who subsequently lost millions of dollars as their investments sunk. Storm Financial could not pay its creditors an amount of $ 80 million owed by the company. In cases where it is found that internal controls were nonexistent or minimal in such banks and the auditors failed to mention this in the audit report and gave a positive audit report, then the auditors would be held liable for negligence by the law. The auditors have failed in their duties if they did not take up the issue of lack of adequate internal controls with the management of these banks especially if they were asked in their contract to assess the internal controls in the banks (Azim, 2012). Recommendations Recently, many companies are going bankrupt reason being negligence and fraud by auditor. On the basis of potential liability it can be recommended that the internal control system of auditing should be managed better because lacking in the internal audit system affects the financial statements of the business. On the other hand, financial institutions should pay attention on the risk analysis of the business. Banks like Lehman Brother collapsed due to the race lending to the borrowers and the auditors did not ensure the associated risk so, it is recommended that auditors should care before the lending to the customer. Furthermore, the auditing standard of the business should be improved because the standard judge the quality and performance of the account audited by the auditors so, the auditing standard must be set according to the financial reporting standards. It can also be recommended under the current system of joint and several liabilities, the reforms in proportionate liability should be undertaken for the control on the damages by auditors. Government should follow a systematic regulation of the auditing procedure, consequently it would be a action toward the control of misrepresentations and fraud with the audit report. Auditors should also be trained as per the norms of the audit that can improve skills and duty of care to escape from the errors in accounting. References Accaglobal.com (2016) Auditor Liability. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/p7/technical-articles/auditor-liability.html (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Australian Securities And Investments Commission (2016) Financial Reports. Available at: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/financial-reporting-and-audit/preparers-of-financial-reports/financial-reports/ (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Azim, M. (2012) Corporate Governance Mechanisms And Their Impact On Company Performance: A Structural Equation Model Analysis, Australian Journal Of Management, [online]. Available at: https://aum.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/07/30/0312896212451032.abstract (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers (2011) [online] Available at:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230687440_The_Bankruptcy_of_Lehman_Brothers_Causes_of_Failure_Recommendations_Going_Forward (Accessed: 7 September, 2016) Caanz, S. (2016) Auditing And Assurance Handbook 2016 Australia. Australia: John Wiley And Sons. Chung, J. , Farrar, J. , Puri, P. and Thorne, L. (2010) Auditor Liability To Third Parties After Sarbanes-Oxley: An International Comparison Of Regulatory And Legal Reforms, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 19(1) , pp. 6678, [online]. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1061951809000317?np=y (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Gans, J. (2011) Modern Criminal Law Of Australia. Australia: Cambridge University Press. Gay, G. and Simnett, R. (2015) Auditing and Assurance Services in Australia, Sixth Edition. Australia: McGraw-Hill Education. Gibson, A. and Fraser, D. (2013) Business Law 2014. Kordamentha.com (2016) Audit Negligence: Who Is To Blame When It All Goes Wrong. Available at: https://www.kordamentha.com/docs/for-publications/issue2011-04-auditnegligence.pdf?Status=Master (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Latimer, p. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. Australia: CCH Australia Limited. Leung, p, Coram, p and Cooper, B.J. (2012) Modern Auditing and Assurance Services. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Reuters.com (2016) Ernst and Young Settles With N.Y. For $ 10 Million Over Lehman Auditing. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ernst-lehman-bros-idUSKBN0N61SM20150415 (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Serperlaw.com (2016) Liability Of Auditors In The Common Law System: Australian Position. Available at: https://www.serperlaw.com/about-us/publications-and-articles/liability-of-auditors (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Shefrin, H. and Shaw, L. (2016) The Global Financial Crisis and its Aftermath: Hidden Factors in the Meltdown. UK: Oxford University Press. Soh, D. and Bennie, N. (2011) The Internal Audit Function: Perceptions Of Internal Audit Roles, Effectiveness And Evaluation,Managerial Auditing Journal, 26(7), pp. 605 622, [online]. Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/02686901111151332 (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Sydney Morning Herald (2016) Collapse Of Financial Planner Was Inevitable. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/collapse-of-financial-planner-was-inevitable-20100527-whtv.html (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Taylor, G., Tower, G. and Neilson, J. (2010) Corporate Communication Of Financial Risk,Accounting Finance,50(2), pp.417-446, [online]. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2009.00326.x/full (Accessed: 8 September 2016). Xu, Y. , Carson, E. , Fargher, N. and Jiang, L. (2013) Responses By Australian Auditors To The Global Financial Crisis, Accounting And Finance , 53(1), pp. 301338, [online]. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-629X.2011.00459.x/full (Accessed: 8 September 2016).

Submarine Warfare Essay Example For Students

Submarine Warfare Essay Submarine WarfareThe First World War, also known as theGreat War, took place after the turn of the century from 1914 to 1918,and was named this because it was the first conflict of global proportions. The war resulted in the loss of military lives and the near destructionof Europe. The massive destruction of the war was largelya result of the use of technology in warfare. The use of technologyin warfare was a result of the industrial revolution at the end ofthe nineteenth century which brought mechanization and mass productionto society. This brought the use of things never used or heard ofinto the war and included airplanes, submarines, and tanks, as well asradio communications, machine guns, and poison gas. The use of submarinesplayed a major part in getting the U.S. to join the war. We will write a custom essay on Submarine Warfare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now With the launching of the Dreadnought,the first battle ship to concentrate all artillery power to massive twelveinch guns and break the twenty knot speed barrier, the worlds navies becameobsolete overnight. The world powers were rushing to build a newclass of war ships to replace the older out dated ones. Germany andEngland soon became entrapped in a naval arms race, with each tryingkeep pace with the others building program. When the War arrivedin 1914, both Germany and England had navies made up of heavily armed capitalships, which were large heavily armed and thickly armored battle shipssuch as Destroyers. The world waited for the clash of Germanys highseas fleet and Englands Grand fleet. The Great War ships onlyhad a few encounters such as in the battle at Jutland and Dogger whilethe underestimated and largely overlooked submarine would play a revolutionarypart. In the Wars second month Germanys tinyU-boat fleet made up of only twenty six submarines and ranking fifth insize among the wars combatants demonstrated the tremendous offensive potentialof the Underseeboot. On September 5th, 1914 commanding officeron the U-21 Korvettenkapitan Otto Hersing found the British light cruiserPathfinder moving toward his position, submerging the U-boat had only towait till the Pathfinder was within his range. He fired a singletorpedo and hit the Pathfinder accurately and the ship went down in underfour minutes with heavy loss of life. The true eye opener camemerely seventeen days later when the U-9, under the command of Kapitanleutnantotto Weddigen, sank three 10,000 ton British armored cruisers, Aboukir,Houge, and Cressy in the course of only one hour using five torpedoes. Approximately one thousand four hundred British sailors lost their livesin the attack and the loss of three capital ships was embarrassing to theBritish Navy. Naval establishments around the world sat up and tooknotice at that point. The sinking of the British cruisers hadproven the submarines worth to the military as an offensive weapon butits use against merchant shipping brought the weapon its own place in themilitary world. On February 4, 1915 angered by the British blockadeof the North Sea, Germany declared the water around the British Isles awar zone. Germany now would sink all merchant vessels foundin those waters without warning. This was the first time the worldhad seen a form of unrestricted submarine warfare on merchant shipping. As result England was receiving no goods from the outside world whichwas very nearly starving out England because of the unmerciful nature ofthe German attacks. The United States, long a neutral spectatorto the war, found herself slowly being drawn into the conflict. Beforeher entry in 1917 a warning was sent by Germany that American waters wouldnot be immune to the U-boat threat. Germans sent two voyages to thetown of Newport, Rhode Island in that same year. After the Unitedstates entered the war on April 6, 1917 they waited for a reappearanceof the submarines for months before seeing another U-boat. When theyfinally did it was for the sinking of the American ship S.S. Carolina. .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 , .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .postImageUrl , .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 , .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:hover , .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:visited , .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:active { border:0!important; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:active , .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0 .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u46ce8099993404d26188a43e3cb106a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vegetarianism EssayThe S.S. Carolina was a five thousandton passenger liner transporting over 217 passengers from San Juan, PuertoRico, to New York City. When a message was intercepted by a wirelessoperator that the Isabel B. Wiley was sunk by a German U-boat, nomore that fifteen miles away, the message was instantly sent to the S.S. Carolina. Captain Barbour then put his ship in a defensive zig zagpattern to make the ship a less easy target but it was too late. The U-boathad already fired shells in to the ships wake disabling it. The captain fearing for the safety of his passengers then loaded the lifeboats and as soon as they were clear of the ship witnessed the U-boat fireshell upon shell till the S.S. Carolina rolled over and sank. Nolives were lost in the sinking but later life boat number five was overturnedand 13 people were drowned. By doing this the Germansnot only insured American involvement in the war but they were also takingtheir own losses. In 1915 Germany was also losing heavilyto British submarines and the most successful of these attacks was theSubmarine Massacre of 1915. October 10-11, 1915 the Britishsubmarine E19, in the command of Lieutenant-Commander Francis Cromie waspatrolling south of the Swedish island Oland when they spotted a Germancargo steamer and the crew was made to abandon the steamer so the Britishcrew could sink it, but they were unable to sink it due to rough weather. The following morning E19 hailed the 75m long German steamer S/S WaltherLeonhardt loaded with iron ore from Sweden. The crew was orderedto enter the life boat and the ship was detonated with explosivein the hull. Later that morning another ship loaded with ore fromSweden, that had witnessed the previous sinking was spotted but refusedto stop being chased by the submarine at surface speed with deckguns firing till it ran aground near the coast. The sub crew thenplaced dynamite in the hold but failed to sink her. About 1pm another ship, this time a 100m German ship called the S/S Gutrune, wasstopped and after the crew was safely in the life boat was sunk usingvalves and pumps on the hold. Submarine warfare played a major partin World War 1 and was just as important as all the trench battles on theEastern Front. In most cases gained much more victories andlosses in a much quicker fashion than the trenches. The battles inthe trenches were long and resulted in much more loss of life while thenaval battles in most cases helped bring about the end of the war. They played the part of starving out Germany and bringing a haltto the war just by barricading trade. If not for the use of submarinesin the war it would have been a much longer war and would probably haveresulted in complete destruction of Europe. Also if Germans had notused the submarine when it did Americas entering in the war wouldhave been prolonged and the allies would probably have lost.