Differences between British and American English Essay

Differences between British and American English - Essay Example There exist varieties of the English language from different places in the world. However, British and American English are the two most common in print and media.Historically, British settlers moved into American and continued to use English; they encountered Native Americans.In addition, people from other nationalities also settled in America. English development in America can be said to have been influenced by a combination of various cultures and the geographical separation with Britain. American English is spoken in the US while British English is spoken in Britain. This paper looks into the differences that exist between the languages in terms of vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation and accents. The colonization of USA by Britain meant that controversy would always arise on the use of English. On one hand, some Americans wanted to eradicate the presence of the British; thus, they did not want British English. On the other hand, supporters of the British Empire wanted retention of British English. Politics and language became inseparable from this moment. Politically, the end of World War II ushered in an era where America became a superpower. Besides, America’s political, economic and technological influence grew while the British one waned. Accompanied with global dominance and a bigger population, US linguistic influence also rose considerably. British English did not lose its influence at all, but it was rather used in Britain, and other countries colonized by the British retained spellings using British English. Vocabulary British and American English have inherent differences in their vocabulary; the differences arise due to enrichment of words from different sources and subsequent adoption by generations. America is a melting point with people from diverse cultures and backgrounds. The evolvement of the English language over time occurred with both the British and Americans coining their own words and meanings separately. Unique words appear in each of the two varieties of English; sometimes the same words appear in both but the meanings are different. Some words appear only in American English like French fries and apartment while others appear in British English to denote the same thing like chips and flats. British English takes more time than American English in accepting new words (Style guide 151). Spelling Differences There are differences in spelling between the two varieties; American English omits some letters since pronunciation is written as the word appears. This could include color, honor, rather than colour or honour used in British English. Americans write a check while the British use the word cheque. Equally, the Americans use shorter forms ending in -m/-mme, for example, the British use the longer version programme. -Ae/-oe is common in British English especially in medical conditions e.g. gynaecologists and anaesthesia. For American English, the composite vowel is dropped and substituted with one â⠂¬â€œe; gynecology takes a new form and also anesthsia. Another difference occurs when we use –ce/se, in British English verbs related to nouns end with se; device is a noun but devise is a verb, the pronunciation changes in such instances. American English can use the suffix –se for nouns, and the pronunciation does not change. There are other differences in the suffixes between the two varieties; there is exclusion of –e/-ue in American English, and British English maintains this could include words such as dialog vs. dialogue. The omission of letters also appears in American English when creating adjectives with –eable /able; unshakable appears in American variety, but unshakeable occurs in British English. At times, there are exceptional cases in which the –e is maintained when it influences the sound of previous consonant, this could include a word like manageable. In British English when suffixes start with a vowel before letter l, then the

Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Law - Essay Example Bright when he moved in to the house. Mr. Bright brought the property through Devon Aspects, an estate agent, upon the advice of his solicitors KPG Solicitors who in turn hired Reliable Surveys to do the structural survey of the property. Reliable Surveys assigned the actual task of surveying to Miss Norris, a newly-licensed surveyor. The issue in this case is whether or not Mr. Bright is compensable for his loss in the event he sells his Devon property at its present market value. If he is, the subsequent underlying issue is from whom he shall recover and what kind of action shall he bring before the court. At this stage however, recovery is a purely hypothetical matter since Mr. Bright has not yet sold his property and hence, has not yet actually incurred a loss. After a careful perusal and analysis of the problem, taking into account the participation of each and every person and entity involved, the Reliable Surveys stands as the most viable party from whom a civil action for recovery of compensation under the case Hedley Byrne v. Heller will be most successful in the event of the actuality of such loss. In the case at bar, Miss Norris, the neophyte surveyor of Reliable Surveys is the raison d’etre of Mr. Bright’s present predicament. Her haphazard and lackadaisical examination of the Devon property caused her to miss the crack on the back wall of the aforesaid house and the evident defect in the elevation from the back angle as well as the dilapidating gutter. Neither did the management of Reliable Surveys subject Miss Norris’ findings to a review and the basis of her findings which described the property as â€Å"good and sound† in her report signed on behalf of the former. There is a characteristic negligence on the part of both Miss Norris and her employer in the performance of their obligation. It is only reasonable to consider filing

Analysis of Human Resources at Solar Plant

Analysis of Human Resources at Solar Plant Introduction: The detailed analysis of training and development and talent management process is providing through human resources management in solar industries. According to this report is based on case study of solar industries at talent management. Planning and development should be proper implemented in the solar industries. The report includes how the training and development and talent management to be implement. However research found that to continuing competitive advantage people are the only real source. Prahalad and Hamel (1990) HRM is considered a logical approach to the management of an organisations most valued assets. (Armstrong 2007). The term personnel management has been replaced by human resource management and human resources. Armstrong, Michael (2006). The managers of an activity state their goals with HRMs techniques, the work force implicit and carry out the activity with its techniques which requires resources to accomplish their coursework successfully. The objective of HRM is to help an organisation, maintaining employees to congregate strategic goals and also to manage them effectively. The personnel administrators constant complaint is that they lack status. This proves their inability to make contribution and to make impact on their management associates. Their continuous worry is their inability to prove that they can make impact on their management associates. Drucker (1954) Thus, solar industry is getting more and more important day by day especially Solar Energy. And this is why solar industry developing rapidly in every part of world. So the Human Resource also becomes an important part to manage man-power, technology, research and development etc. Human Resource Management Theory: The objective of HRM is to help an organization, maintaining employees to congregate strategic goals. The key word here perhaps is fit that is to make sure that there is healthy relationship between the management of employees and on the whole strategic direction of the company. (Miller, 1989). However, there are many HR functions which are struggling these days to get the task of management and member of staff and they are unconsidered rather than intentionally practical partners for the top management. Further, in the solar industries HR have difficulty in proving that their activities and processes are accumulating value to the company. In modern times, HR scholars and professionals decided to develop models that can measure the value. HR. Smit, Martin E.J.H. (2006). Human Resource Strategy: The strategy of HRM is to implement the specific functions of HRM. Planning, organizing, training and development is the main function of the human resources. In order to correspond with the whole business strategy HRM needs to correlate various areas of HR. This strategy of HR is to be implement in the solar industries. HRM Activities in Solar Industry The three key HRM activities in solar industries are Recruitment of the best employees Development of Leadership Development of Management The main objective of Solar Industries is to identify and describe the broad range of policies, technical, financial, regulatory, and other market related factors that affect of renewable energy technologies. Firstly, recruiting the right employees with the right competencies at the right time had to fit in the solar industries as there is skills shortage at all levels in the organization. Secondly, HR manager has to develop a leadership training plan to manage their leadership skills to get experienced people in the industry. Finally, management development activity is to be fit in the solar industries to manage organization. Planning, organizing, leading and coordinating resources are the activities included in management. Thus, for the above reason recruiting the best employees, leadership development and management development are the three key activities that should be fit into overall corporate objective of the company. HRM Model in solar industries: 1) The Harvard Model The Harvard model of HRM had to deploy in the solar industries. To guide all managers in relations with employees soft version of HRM has to concentrates on the Harvard model. (Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Quin Mills and Walton, 1984). It focuses on employee commitment that is not control. (Wood, 1995) The model is useful to know the agreement, capability and effectiveness of cost for employees in the organization. Work system Employee influence Human resources flow Rewards For recruitment, and selection process human resource flows are used in the organization. They are used in the organization through placement, promotion, out of the organization as termination pay. To attract and to keep employees motivate the reward system is organized. Thus, employee influence is used to put controlled on authority and decision making. The jobs are defined and not based on particular tasks like classical approaches. The employee having high commitment led to better job performance is the advantage of this model. (Beardwell, Holden and Claydon, 2004). The selection policies were based on competence and it includes the element of suitability and flexibility. Thus, the right employees fit for the right jobs led to effectiveness. The main aim of reward system is to attract and motivate held performance appraisal but it is not a tool for evaluation. The Harvard model is praise in analytic aspect as an advantage by Pettigrew and Hendry (1990). However, on basis of resource this system is bad form labor point of view. There is an argument that soft aspect of HRM has conflict in the Harvard model regarding business focus of the organization and it changes the cost minimization and profit maximization. (Armstrong 1987, Legge, 1995) 2) The Michigan model The solar industries can also deploy the Michigan model because it includes hard version of HRM. (Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna, 1984) To managed employees like resources they use resources inexpensive and carefully to developed and exploited fully. The model includes HRM activities as follows. Selection Appraisal Rewards Development To obtain organizational performance this model includes selection, appraisal, development and rewards policies. The surrounding idea was ignored for its situational factors, stakeholder interests and the concept of strategic choice. (Cusworth and Franks, 1993) The model shows the internal and external factors in the policies of HR along with strategy of business. The market performance and organisational growth is an advantage of this model. It is useful in cost minimisation for employees which is inexpensive. However, market failures are the disadvantage of this model. It is due to ignorance of environments. Moreover, HRM planning certifies the future requirements of the organization that are minimal. Further, this model fails in range of group and internal conflict. (Chuang et al, 2004) Thus, it led to organizational performance failure. (Bagshaw,2004) According to this two model of HRM solar industries deploys because in the case study performance of the solar industries are not going well, work system, rewards and development growth, appraisal for example like shortage of skills(learning skill, training development skill etc) sort of experience and labour turn over levels are high. So according to this above two model of HRM are bring in action in the solar industries. Training and development: Training refers to efforts that help enhance employee skills for carrying out the present job. To do particular job the training is an act of increasing knowledge and skills Edwin B Flippo. Development is a permanent change in knowledge, skills, attitudes or behaviour that comes through experience. Training is must for every individual when he enters into the organization. Even though the candidate has experience he also should get training. Why because the organization culture, values and beliefs are different from one organization to other. Thats why the training program plays a key role in every organization. Training program followed by solar industries is formal assessment tools for recruiting, structured induction training. Solar industries have not developed an effective induction programmed. New employees employed at solar industry get off to a bad start and they do not understand the organization itself or their role in it. Hence, this has lead to employment turnover which is high-18% for managers, 17% for engineers, 20% for sales and marketing and 15% elsewhere. As a result, it is increasingly difficult to find good replacements, and also lowering of morale for the remaining staff. In solar industries HR planning and development methods are high involvement practices, integrated HR practices and reward approach but in spite of all this, things are clearly not going too well, so for this they need to view plans as adaptable. A solar industry requires more attention to planning. It is both possible and desirable to plan for uncertainty. The emphasis in HR planning will be on maximum future flexibility. The objectives of HRP play a useful role in the management of organization: recruitment, training and development, staff costing, redundancy, collective bargaining and accommodation. Recommendations: Firstly, I recommend that board of directors of solar industries could improve its strategy towards training and development of its management staff by using formal induction course. It will save inductors and managers time by dealing with a group than dealing with individuals. It ensures that all new recruits are given a positive message and consistent information. It can employ a range of communication techniques including: group discussion and projects, presentation, visits and guided tours, off-site training sessions, involvement with suppliers, customers and contractors. It enables new recruits to socialize with each other and build cross-functional relationships. This process of training and development is easy to arrange. Secondly, try to avoid by providing too much and too soon to the inductee. This will make the procedure simple and relevant. It will be suitable for everyone in the industry and for their roles within the organization. By this way the process should be shared. Moreover, induction programmed will generate unreasonable expectations. Finally, I recommend that according to effective induction training and development programme and proper HR planning solar industries improved its strategy towards training and development of its management staff. According to effective induction training and development is done by formal and informal course. Thus, industry needed proper learning skill, training plan and developing strategy in the industries management staff in corporate world. Talent Management: Talent management is a position of employees with business priorities to deliver greater performance and results. As agencies strive to meet strategic goals, they must ensure that they have a continuous process for recruiting, training, managing, supporting, and compensating their employees. Emerging technologies are changing the employee competencies needed in organization. There is need of improvement in solar industries in areas of planning, growth and development, management skill by talent management system. The specialized products of the solar industries are electronics. Talent management provides solution to provide better services to organisations like solar industries. The solar industries should make strategy of talent management that give advice to various areas of industries. The process of talent management helps solar industries to recruit, deploy, develop and retained employees in the organization. Solar industries should focus not only on recruiting and retaining talent, but also focus on talent savvy organization support their employees on issues they care about most. Industry has to focus on strategic recruitment in the organization because there are shortage of skill employees at all the levels. They have to deploy about matching the correct employee to a critical job or project. The organization must focus on their critical talent to achieve strategic objective by ensuring their skills, interest, and capabilities. It creates successful work force in the industry to develop a public reputation for being a great place for work, which fosters loyalty among current employees. The employees will be more interested in working for a company that gives importance to its employees and give them opportunities for continued success. Talent management is necessary in the solar industries to retain employees, new skilled workers to be recruited. The war for talent is the process of attracting and retaining employees between firms. (Article in 1998 David Wilkins of soft scope) In solar industries it is necessary to implement talent management system to work into the business strategy. The company has to implement talent employees in the solar industries. It should be implemented at all the levels of the organization in the industries to attract and retain employees. The talent management is not same in different organisation. From talent management stand point, employee evaluations has fear of two major of measurement performance and potential. The talent management is necessary to be practiced in the solar industries and must practiced consistently; Performance management Leadership development, Work force planning (identifying talent gaps), Recruiting. The employees in the solar industries should be talented and talent market should be implemented. It is useful for industries and the most productive employee can select the projects and assignments that are most perfect for particular employee. Talent management is kind of human capital management based on human resources management field that make work easy in the organization where the situation is critical. To manage employee talent in the industries they have to develop effective plans and to implement it in the company. Their responsibility is to develop skills in all the areas of management for this they have to develop new business strategy. Recommendations: To improve the organizational performance of the solar industries, I recommend that they should allocate talent management in their industries. Firstly, solar industry needs workforce diagnostic capabilities that enable more effective strategic decision making across all components of workforce planning. For example solar industry has high percentage of employees labour turnover at all levels would be an indicator that requires attention of senior management. Secondly, a solar industry has experienced expansive growth from around the globe location play an increasingly important role. The ability to find individuals with particular knowledge and bring them together in a virtual environment can make it easier for employees to share good practices. Thirdly, industries have to develop proper recruiting and development activities to get the right employee in right job with right skill. Finally, industry has to develop a talent marketplace by a standard classification of employee roles, skills and competencies and potential managers can identify individuals with relevant skills and capabilities. Conclusion: Finally, I think that training helps people to learn different things in a different ways. Training and development helps in the organisation to develop there information, methods in a systematic way to perform all the activity in the solar industries. Talent management is method of aid in the organisation. It helps talented employees to develop their skills and knowledge. And also develop their effective plan to manage talented employees in the industries. However, talent management and training is the key role of human resources management in the solar industries.

Plagiarism :: Cheating Education Essays

Plagiarism Plagiarism is not only in violation of the law, but also in violation of the ethics that we, as Americans, should possess. This is one case in which laws agree with ethics. To plagiarize means to steal and pass off the ideas and words of another as oneà °s own. It is important to recognize that this definition includes the use of anotherà °s production without crediting the source. When a person makes an effort to present an idea that has been taken from an existing source as new and original, he or she is committing an act of plagiarism. Many may not realize the extreme prevalence of plagiarism in our society. The Center for Academic Integrity conducted a survey in which they found that approximately 80% of college students admit to cheating at least once. A similar study was conducted by the Psychological Record. This study found that 36% of undergraduate students have admitted to plagiarizing written materials. A national survey was conducted and published in Education Week. It yielded the following conclusions that 54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the Internet and 74% of students admitted that they engaged in serious cheating in the past school year. These statistics prove that this is a growing problem that needs to be solved before it becomes an even larger issue. Many teachers tend to ignore students who are cheating. According to a study conducted by Ronald M. Aaron and Robert T. Georgia, 257 chief student affairs officers across the country feel the colleges and universities do not handle this issue adequately.(Plagiarism.org 1)It can be seen that many faculty members are not willing to devote their time and effort to this growing issue. Gallup Organization has said that the two most pressing issues that are facing society today are education and a decline of ethics.(Plagiarism.org 1) How can one fix an issue that seems to be extremely demanding, when one refuses to put in time and effort? Many students feel that in order to receive a good grade they need to plagiarize, however the Writing Center from Hamilton College provides the public with alternate routes to achieve an A.

A League of Their Own Essay

The film begins with the commencement of the second world war and female baseball players are drafted into the All American Girls Baseball League, in the attempt to save the sport. With the induction of this league, the girls obtained the chance to show how women deserve an equal chance in sports, an opportunity to show their hard work and perseverance, and free themselves from the clutches of lower class life through success in the sport. The value of family was portrayed throughout the film and became a top priority for some of the players. In achieving a spot on a team the girls also had to conform to the rules and requirements that the owners of the league were demanding. To give this league the popularity it needed, the girls needed to work hard to be the leagues top players in every team. They all acquired the chance to go to training camps and try out for teams that would be placed into the league. The amount of work they displayed to get placed on the team showed that they wanted to earn the respect of the country and show that women could do more than just care for kids or be in charge of the kitchen. They worked extremely hard to show that women could play the sport as easily as men could. For example, this hardworking value was best portrayed by Kit, one of the individuals who played for the league. She got her sister to play because that was the only way they would take her and she did not want to stay on a farm for the rest of her life. Her persistent attitude helped her reach her goal and she became one of the top players of her time just like her sister. The family values are expressed greatly throughout the film by all the characters, but particularly by Dotti. Many of the women on the team had spouses in the army or back home. Dotti was the protagonist who was a girl with beauty and love of the sport like no other girl. What was different about her, besides being extremely skillful in the sport and never having a bad game, was that in her mind she was only playing while her husband was in the war. She loved the game, but her husband and family were always more important for her. The conflict between winning and her sister’s loyalty ended with her realizing that being friends with her sister was far more important than winning or playing in a baseball league. The women dealt with external conformity within the league because of the rules and regulations that the owners had placed on apparel and style of play. The women were required to wear a skirt outfit and makeup while they were playing. They were all forced to take etiquette classes and learn how to act like â€Å"ladies†. The women were upset with this because they had joined the league to play the sport they loved not to go out on the field and model for the fans. This movie was used to display that women were not inferior to men and to show how the game of baseball was used as more than publicity. The hard work and perseverance gave women in the united states a sense of hope and desire to succeed in a male dominated world. A League of Their Own Essay In A League of Their Own, a girls’ baseball league was started while the professional male baseball players, along with many other men, were across seas fighting in World War II. This movie takes place in 1943. A group of ladies left their homes to become part of the All-American Girls Baseball League to keep the baseball traditions alive. In this movie, gender roles are crossed. â€Å"After years of perpetrating the image of the docile little women who sat at home caring for her lord and master, American society suddenly found that it needed women who were competent to do hard skilled work during World War II† (Ebert). This was alarming to the nation and threatening to some. During one of the scenes, a radio announcer announces that the league was â€Å"dangerous to society.† She called it â€Å"sexual confusion.† Much of the country began to worry about what type of women the men would have to come back to. Society believes that women should be sensitive and nurturing, not competitive. At this time, women were also running the businesses and factories. Working in factories and playing competitive sports were considered to be the role of the males. Women are to be â€Å"sensitive, nurturing, and open† (Johnsen). By playing sports and working in factories, women began to take over some more masculine traits. This was threatening to the men. They saw this as loosing control. Women play many parts in men’s struggle for control. One part that women play is â€Å"to support the idea that men and women are fundamentally different because this gives men a clear and unambiguous turf – masculinity – on which to pursue control in competition with one another† (Johnsen). This threatened men’s role and their sense of control. This threatened their masculinity. Even though women were now taking over the factories and sports while the men were away, there still were many politics involved. Instead of this new baseball league being looked at as a competitive sport, it was more of a show. One of the scouts in this movie did not want to take one of the most outstanding baseball players because she wasn’t pretty. The scout finds her â€Å"too homely for the league† (Brown). Also, they were forced to wear skirt outfits to play in the dirt. When the women complained about that, the male instructor commented that they should be glad he isn’t going to make them all wear bathing suits to play in. As if the uniforms weren’t discrimination enough, each and every girl had to take classes at a charm and beauty school. Here, they taught these women how to be ladies. They critiqued them in every way. They walked around and inspected each one, ordering for haircuts, eyebrow waxings, etc. When they reached the homely Marla, they were stumped as to what to do. They didn’t see anyone being able to make a lady out of her. One instructor asked the other what she suggested. All the women could reply back was â€Å"a lot of night games.† She said this about one of the best players in the league. Also at the school, the ladies were taught how to sip â€Å"not slurp† tea, cross their legs appropriately, walk with grace, and balance a book on their head to promote a more graceful, feminine posture. As the movie continues, this so called women’s league wasn’t drawing in any profits and was threatened with closing down. This devastated the girls in the league. This league gave them something to speak of, something of their own, a sense of pride rather than just cooking and cleaning. In order to keep the league continuing, the girls had to draw attention and draw a crowd. It started to turn into a circus. The girls had to do splits to make plays more interesting, slid while the guys on the sidelines got a glimpse up their skirts, anything to make it more interesting and less threatening. At first the women were not given the respect they deserved for their hard work. Nobody believed that these housewives could play hard ball. Once the girls proved themselves, the men and the rest of society got threatened and still didn’t watch. Until the sport became a show, it wasn’t approved of. The girls had contests with the game to make it more interesting. One contest was called â€Å"Catch a foul, win a kiss.† This helps to illustrate that â€Å"women are objects to be competed for, possessed, and used† (Johnsen). Once the women began to make a show of the sport, the bleachers filled. Headlines began to read things such as â€Å"Trading oven mitts for baseball mitts!† and â€Å"Diamonds, a Women’s Best Friend.† Women didn’t receive their own league until it was the way the men wanted it. They weren’t to play competitively. It was to be more of a show. â€Å"Women have gained only what men have been willing to grant; they have taken nothing, they have only received† (Beauvoir). This is because men fear competition from women. If they are playing baseball and working in the factories, then what is the male role? â€Å"Every woman who goes into medicine or law robs them of a job† (Beauvoir). The men were threatened to what else the women would begin to do. â€Å"Hollywood threw out its romance scripts and started making movies about strong, independent females and it was discovered that women could actually excel at professional sports† (Ebert). This is a phenomenal movie that shows the power of women. It gets women out of the house and into the work force. It gets them doing just as the men. This was just the start of the women getting out of the house. Once the men came back from war, the women fought to keep their league alive. Many of the women in and outside of the league went on to be doctors and lawyers. Women were breaking out of the house whether the men were ready for it or not. The first girls in the league now have the own spot in the Baseball Hall of Fame. I believe that these women truly deserve this. Works Cited http://www.rottentomatoes.com.review.sn:usr/ns-home/cgi-bin/ad/adq.cgi, Joe Brown, 1992 http://wwwsuntimes.com/ebert/ebert_reviews/1992/07/764762html, Ebert, 1992 Johnson, Allan G. 1997. The Gender Knot: Unraveling Our Patriarchal Legacy. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press Beauvoir, Simone de. 1953. The Second Sex. Trans. And ed. H.M. Parshley. New Yourk: Alfred A. Knopf. Friedan, Betty. 1963. The Feninine Mystique. New York: Dell. (20th ann. Ed. Published by W.W. Norton, 1983.) A League of Their Own, 1992.

Credit Card Debt

Many people use credit cards and most of the time the credit card is not used in the right moment. I believe that credit cards are not beneficial because they aren't used for the right things. It would be very different if they were used correctly, credit cards are to be used it case of an emergency,meaning not to be used when you are going to the 7-eleven to buy a bag of chips an a soda. It has shown that more than 75% percent of americans have been bankrupt or on the verge of it.There are more than 60% of americans that have credit card debt because they are using them for the wrong things. Facts have proven that the total U. S. credit card debt, is $793. 1 Billion. and Average credit card debt per household is 15,799. Most people do not understand that when you have a credit card it comes with alot of responsibility and i say that because there are more than 10% of americans have been victims of credit card theft it may not seem like alot but credit card theft is a very serious th ing.Most complaints come from adults within the ages 40-59, Nevada, Colorado, and New Hampshire have the highest rate of credit card fraud. Having a credit card is not what people think it is; people think that if i have a credit card then i do not have to have money with me, and its just free money but its very dangerous to have a credit card. Having a credit card can lead to bankrupt and going bankrupt can make you lose everything such as your car, house, and etc. , or it could be worse an you could be placed in jail for a long time.Just because you had a credit card and used it for the wrong thing and spent way to much money†¦ A credit card is nothing but trouble each and every type of way. The credit card companies and banks are getting richer, while most Americans are getting more in debt. The economy is in trouble, therefore, more and more people are relying on credit cards. In today's society we are constantly trying to get out of debt, but in the process of trying to ge t ourselves out of debt, we create more debt.One of the major problems that most of us are dealing with is credit card debt. Most credit card companies are not looking out for your best interest. They are constantly raising interest rates. Minimum payments are just enough to cover the finance charges. Most Americans should not use credit cards for the following reasons: it will create bad spending habits; you will incur more debt affecting credit score rating; and possibly make you a victim of identity theft.In my opinion, a credit card should be used for purchases that you are able to pay off in full upon receiving your statement, but most of us don't. Most people lack self control and tend to misuse the credit card. Credit cards should mainly be used for emergencies, but we tend to use them for everyday purchases such as: food, gas, clothing, etc. Some people are living in a borrowed lifestyle, because they purchase things they can't afford. People will spend more on a purchasing using a credit card than they would with cash. People that use credit cards tend to spend 12%-18% more on transactions than those who use cash (faithfitnessfinance. com). † For example, if you are going to pay with a credit card in a fast food establishment, it is easier to get the large drink instead of the medium drink. When the statement arrives, most people will make the minimum payment on his/her credit card. The minimum payment only covers the finance charges, which will increase the amount of time it will take to pay the debt off. â€Å"It will also increase the amount of interest you end up paying

oncology essays

oncology essays Cancer covers a large group of diseases that have malignant properties. This means that there is a tendency to grow and spread, sometime rapidly and sometimes slowly. Doctors identify the cancer by the site or type of cell type where it starts. For example, there are many types of cancers. Cancer in the uterus is uterine cancer; cancer in the breast is breast cancer; and cancer in the colon is colon cancer. The physician who specializes in the treatment of cancer is called an oncologist and the doctor who reviews and diagnoses the disease is called a pathologist. The test they take, the ultrasound of your abdomen and pelvis, indicated that you have renal-cell carcinoma of the right kidney. This is a cancer of the genitourinary system. It is also the most common type of kidney cancer and it used to be called hypernephroma. We do not know exactly how cancers start but this type of cancer is thought to be associated with smoking. However, statistics show that only about one-third of renal cell carcinoma is associated with smoking and it happens twice as often in men as in women. Let me explain how the kidneys work. First of all, we have two kidneys and they produce urine in a two-part process. In the first process, the kidneys filter the blood through filters called glomeruli. These filters separate the blood cells, that is, the red cells, white cells and platelets, from the liquid part which is called the plasma. The liquid part passes through tubules and is processed so that needed materials are returned to the blood and unwanted waste materials are passed on. In the second process, the kidneys collect the liquid that will be urine and pass it into many different bigger tubules until it gets to a port called the pelvis of the kidney. Then the urine flows to the ureter, which is a thin tube that leads to the bladder. One good thing to remember is a person can live with only one kidney and can also liv ...

Edward Scissorhands is much more than just an amusing story- it is a social commentary.

Edward Scissorhands is much more than just an amusing story- it is a social commentary. Many people have enjoyed and laughed along the queer and strange tale of Edward Scissorhands. Yet, as amusing as it is, the story is just not a movie to make people laugh at the absurdities of the characters. It is more of a commentary which portrays how we isolate people just because they are different. Yes, we many deny this kind of behaviour in this world. But it is real- for example- Bullying.Picture this: A man with scissors for hands. He has scars all over his ghostly white face. His body has a skin of hard black material. His hair is wild. Is he a freak? To tell you the truth, I think he is just because of his appearance. But the movie makes the same scene. He is isolated because people only judge him of his appearance and they treat as a freak.Edward Scissorhands also exposes the fear of people to new cultures, races, social groups and the isolated people simple because they are different to 'normal' people.EDWARD ALTMAN 100B9542.JPGFor example in one scene where Edward eats with the family, the whole family is staring, or just feeling awkward. They are acting like that not just because he is a stranger who is eating with them, but he is so different to the family -especially his hands.The film also expresses the need to not just judge people by their looks, but saying that if you go further into their heart, you would find gold. So it joins the 'beauty is not on the outside, but in the outside debate'. It is basically valuing not just beauty, but the beauty of your soul.An issue brought up in the film is also segregation in the community with different groups. It is almost like the olden days in...

Henderson Surname Meaning and Origin

Henderson Surname Meaning and Origin Henderson is a popular patronymic name meaning son of Henry. The given name Henry means home ruler or ruler of the home, derived from the Germanic name  Heimirich which is composed of the elements heim, meaning  home and ric, meaning power, ruler. Surname Origin: English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  HENDERSEN, HENSON, HENRYSON, HENRYSOUN, HENNDERSON, HENHYSON Where in the World is the HENDERSON Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the largest number of individuals with the Henderson surname live in Scotland, especially the Highlands region. It is also a very popular surname in New Zealand and Australia. Surname distribution statistics at Forebears has the Henderson surname appearing with the greatest population density in Dominica, followed by Scotland. In 1881 Scotland the greatest percentage of Hendersons lived in Caithness, Shetland, and  Kinross-shire. Famous People with the Surname HENDERSON Fletcher Henderson - Big band jazz pianist and songwriterFlorence Henderson - American actress best known for her role as Carol Brady in The Brady Bunch television sitcomRickey Henderson - American baseball playerThomas Henderson -  Royal astronomer of the Cape of Good Hope, South AfricaArthur Henderson -  Organizer of the British Labour PartyArchibald Henderson -  Fifth Commandant of the U.S. Marine CorpsJohn Brooks Henderson - Author of the thirteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, abolishing slavery Genealogy Resources for the Surname HENDERSON Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 250 common last names from the 2000 census? Clan Henderson SocietyAmong the goals of the Clan Henderson Society are fostering Scottish culture, activities, festivals, and games; assisting with Henderson genealogical research, and promoting the history and culture of the Henderson clan and Scotland. Henderson DNA ProjectFormed under the auspices of the Clan Henderson Societies of the United States and Canada, this Henderson surname DNA project supports efforts to document individual Henderson families and trace the migration of the Hendersons over time.   Henderson Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Henderson surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or ask your own question about your Henderson ancestors. FamilySearch - HENDERSON GenealogyDiscover historical records and lineage-linked family trees for the Henderson surname and its variations on this free genealogy site sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. HENDERSON Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Henderson surname. DistantCousin.com - HENDERSON Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Henderson. The Henderson Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Henderson surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

R#4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

R#4 - Essay Example According to the author, the term emergent bilingualism associates with a development process among the learners, and it is likely to motivate them to be efficient in learning English. In addition, referring to the children as second language learners creates an impression that they are, and may always be, inferior to native speakers. Garcia’s explanation of the basis of the American classification of limited English learners also explains the classification’s discriminative scope that could lead to stigmatization. Using the term emergent bilingualism is therefore better for psychological and social well being of the non-native children (Garcia, 2009, page 322, Line 18- 29, Page 323, Line 1- 16). The concept of emergent bilingualism is also significant to educators, whose objective is to promote learning outcomes. In using the concept, educators will be focusing on positive aspects of the students’ language background and appreciating the student’s native language could also help them to understand English and even improve their proficiency. Bentham & Hutchins (2012, Page 22, Line, 1-4) argues that children are the target of learning and therefore define their learning environment and things that motivate them. Creating a negative attitude among children, by calling then second language learners or limited English proficient students will therefore promote an environment of negative attitude and lack of motivation. A transition to the concept of emerging bilingualism will therefore help teachers to facilitate students’ performance. Similarly, the concept is likely to promote a positive approach to policy making by focusing on the students’ strengt hs instead of weakness (Garcia, 2009, Page 323, Line 1-4). I also agree with Garcia’s opinion that bilingualism will be an important aspect of the society (Garcia, 2009, Page 325, Line 14-17), and this is because of the increasing wave of

Law Client Letter of Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law Client Letter of Advice - Essay Example Accordingly, we have examined various pros and cons of a legal case that you are possibly contemplating to launch against the parties responsible for causing this fiasco. We are pleased to offer our views and advice on the further course of action as under: As we see it, the basic issues emerging from the episode include the following - (1) Your promotional day show at West End Juicy Bones store ended in an embarrassing finale, causing loss of reputation and damage to your business interests. (2) The situation stemmed from the fact that two unsolicited electronic mails from viagra.com and bitem.com.au suddenly popped up on your work computer and interrupted your promotional PowerPoint slide show, which annoyed and turned away your customers. (3) During the PowerPoint show, you also arranged for playing of Snazza music in the background by using P2P (peer-to-peer) software that enables download and sharing of music. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) refers to the sharing of music, audio, and video files by two computers that have similar access privileges on the network without the support of servers1. Governments across the world have woken up to the dangers posed by the increasing use of P2P by criminals for peddling of pornography, luring of children, and such other cyber crimes.

Motivation Concept Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Motivation Concept Analysis - Essay Example Hull states to have observed repeatedly that rats and monkeys perform all kinds of activities that are not drive reducing in nature. Such behaviors tend to have a self-reinforcing effect, caused, for example, by a drive to explore. "Hull produced an algebraic theory of behavior that permitted quantitative predictions about the persistence, vigor and selectivity of action. Hull's theory postulates that behavior is a response to habit and the motivational factor drive. Habits are the product of reinforcement" (Banks and Miller 1997, p. 56). The situations chosen for analysis are high spoilage rates in production and lack of (poor) interpersonal communication between employees. This theory would not be applicable to high spoilage rates in production because it does not take into account external drivers and satisfaction. Work satisfaction would be caused by factors quite different from those leading to job dissatisfaction. Satisfaction results, according to the theory, when a person performs well, carries some responsibility, earns promotion, and receives recognition. Consequently, she or he will experience opportunities for growth. These aspects of the work content are called motivators or intrinsic factors. A neutral or indifferent attitude occurs when one or more intrinsic factors are not more than partly fulfilled or even absent. Dissatisfaction on the other hand is caused by aspects of the work context, such as physical work conditions, social relations, and company policies. When these are not fulfilled, the person gets the experience of being blocked in his/her growth opportunities. Again a neutral or indifferent attitude develops when these factors are adequately present. It is difficult to predict 'persistence, vigor and selectivity of action' among factory workers if they dissatisfied with insensitive schemes and management support (Banks and Miller, 1997). Outcomes actually received provide them with more or less satisfaction, depending among other things on the effort they had to exert and the extent to which outcomes received coincide with what they aspired. This result--the relation between outcomes received and the degree of satisfaction--is fed back to both motive and behavior. High spoilage rates can be caused by low level of skills and knowledge, low level of professionalism and inadequate. A person can be motivated but he/she can feel dissatisfaction caused by lack of skills and training. At the workplace, many activities are not aimed at drive reduction or at achieving homeostasis (Frey and Osterloh, 2001). Hull's theory is not applicable to poor interpersonal communication between employees. Hull admits that motivation stemmed from physiological need deprivation which "drove" organisms to engage in random activity until, by chance, the need is satisfied and the drive is thus reduced. On subsequent occasions, cues in the situation would be recalled so that organisms would take suitable action rather than engage in random trial and error. The difficulty with this theory is that not all motivation stems from physiological needs (e.g., curiosity, self-efficacy). Second, not all need deprivation leads to an increase in drive. Third, partial need satisfaction sometimes leads to increased drive. Finally, organisms, including people, often are

Meaning of Globilazation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Meaning of Globilazation - Research Paper Example who are engaged in artistic media have pointed out that YouTube plays an important role in popularizing pop-culture and music to a broader scale globally. In accordance to the current culture, gaining popularity around social culture is an important step in life that almost everybody in the world is currently aspiring to achieve. Contrastingly, YouTube has developed legal policies that govern sharing of immoral images globally while also ensuring enough protection concerning potential copyrights infringements. Some of the global impacts of YouTube include: Despite the fact that YouTube was initiated in the United States, it has gained recognition across different cultures globally. Some countries such as china do not allow their citizens to stream or download video files from YouTube platform. Having been designed as a free interactive platform, YouTube embraces accessibility of over 70 million clients and new entrants across the globe. Moreover, YouTube acts as a center of interactive culture thus leading to the creation of one independent culture known as social culture that allows sharing of idioms and norms of varied societies as a single society. In conclusion, YouTube can be used to share world remorseful events such as an enactment of peace to offer tribute to those died while fighting for the benefit of the society (Gorman & McLean, 2009) Burgess et al. (2009), argues that through internet infrastructure and video sharing platforms, YouTube has enabled societies of different cultural backgrounds to share ideas across a bigger coverage of an audience. Such sites are not only meant to share musical files, but they also act as appropriate social grounds for business personalities to promote their wares while politicians and medical personnel’s globally also a similar platform to post speeches of vital concern. Most of all, YouTube and other related sites have been used by personalities of different religions to address issues of faith globally. It can be

Thesis and Content Outline about Art in south Africa Research Paper

Thesis and Content Outline about Art in south Africa - Research Paper Example A debate had been disclosed. In the coming years, there would be an extension amongst anti-apartheid forces, that there existed immense power in educational resistance. Therefore, whites planned an extensive marginalization of black ability, forcing upper echelons of the world art to exist (Peffer 43). 2. The use of sculptures, banners, dramatic sketches, poems, murals and t-shirts to express their vision resistance. Posters were everywhere painted black to mourn the dead, decorated houses to increase their villages, sculptures representing chairs. It was an art rooted in battle for liberation, extraordinarily rich, in opposition. 1. The whites’ schools restricted the black artists from their schools in priority to still life, oil painting, drawing from life and landscape studies. Whites were cautious in their arts, claiming they possess European convention naturalism â€Å"according to Skotnes†. Blacks were not allowed in theatres, cinemas or art museums through a separate part of amenities. 2. The art is set in commercial galleries and call the country. The works have been organized into pictorial formatted magazines, showcased in various museums in the world â€Å"New African Art Magazine for optima† which made it to centers of the art world, Paris (Williamson 14). In conclusion, the art of the world has a substantial contribution, which defines several aspects in distinct cultures. While some people set great reputations, others never get the opportunity because they do not master institutions and defining rules of ‘art’. Influential players within the art world include criticism, art history and art

Evolution of Cinema in Nineteenth Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evolution of Cinema in Nineteenth Century - Essay Example Furthermore, in order to understand the ways that helped the evolution of cinema, an in-depth discussion will be undertaken. Considering the technological advancement in bring the motion to the pictures, the history of cinema beholds the usage of the magic lantern. Filmmakers made use of different slides which obviously changed the way cinema projected and presented the subject matter. It should be noted that the usage of the magic lantern as the technological aspects was the major tool during the 16th century. However, by the nineteenth century, the Lumiere Brothers used the slide projection of the films with the aid of photographs. Audiences were quiet aware of the ways the films were being projected. The penny arcades seemingly gave a way to the filmmakers in order to understand a concept which was out of the box. It was then the technological aspects of the filmmaking needed a larger screening idea (Popple and Kember). The need of the larger screen was because the filmmakers want ed to grab a larger number of audiences. In simpler words, it can be said that the technological innovation in the cinema was noted when audiences were given more preferences. Obviously, at this point, the size of the audiences was center of focus. The filmmakers including Edwin S. Porter worked marvelously regarding the idea of different scenes in the movie to catch attract attention of the crowd towards the films. It will not be incorrect to state that film ultimately became a way to gain money. This was later given the position of an industry in the late nineteenth century. Thus, it will not be incorrect to state that it was the aid of business that was being cashed and ultimately led to the evolution of the cinema from the popular means (Popple and Kember). Followed by the need of gathering audience for business purpose, the technological innovation that enthralled the cinema was the innovation of stroboscope. Later on, a number of experiments of the photographic methods were un dertaken merely to find the best position. Since the cinema was now an industry, each filmmaker wanted to achieve a better position in the market. In a simpler manner it can be said that the competition was another way which helped cinema to undergo evolution (Popple and Kember). In the late nineteenth century, it was found out that the idea of using 24 cameras in a row helped in taking photographs of a horse running. This helped the directors to find out a new dimension. Thus, the popular culture of having a scrolled photo graphic plate was now changed into a spectrum of moving picture. Throughout the later years of the 19th century, it was found out that this idea was being amended by different innovators in the field of filmmaking. At the same point, people noted that they could use a number of subjects of matter through the films as the motion picture was brought to life. By the end of the 19th century, it was observed that the movies were not just the scenes of the moving objec ts but also a presentation of the communication between two characters. This enabled the production department to come to life since the characters were showing real communication between the individuals. It can also be marked that the objects in the background also got great significance during this time. In this way, cinema changed from a nickel based viewing concept to cinema (Popple and Kember). Luckily, 19th century was the era when the cinema brought the combination of sound as well as visual scenes together with the help of Kodak still cameras and Thomas Edison’

Thesis and Content Outline about Art in south Africa Research Paper

Thesis and Content Outline about Art in south Africa - Research Paper Example A debate had been disclosed. In the coming years, there would be an extension amongst anti-apartheid forces, that there existed immense power in educational resistance. Therefore, whites planned an extensive marginalization of black ability, forcing upper echelons of the world art to exist (Peffer 43). 2. The use of sculptures, banners, dramatic sketches, poems, murals and t-shirts to express their vision resistance. Posters were everywhere painted black to mourn the dead, decorated houses to increase their villages, sculptures representing chairs. It was an art rooted in battle for liberation, extraordinarily rich, in opposition. 1. The whites’ schools restricted the black artists from their schools in priority to still life, oil painting, drawing from life and landscape studies. Whites were cautious in their arts, claiming they possess European convention naturalism â€Å"according to Skotnes†. Blacks were not allowed in theatres, cinemas or art museums through a separate part of amenities. 2. The art is set in commercial galleries and call the country. The works have been organized into pictorial formatted magazines, showcased in various museums in the world â€Å"New African Art Magazine for optima† which made it to centers of the art world, Paris (Williamson 14). In conclusion, the art of the world has a substantial contribution, which defines several aspects in distinct cultures. While some people set great reputations, others never get the opportunity because they do not master institutions and defining rules of ‘art’. Influential players within the art world include criticism, art history and art

Value chain analysis for Starbucks in Australia Essay

Value chain analysis for Starbucks in Australia - Essay Example The practice had helped the Starbucks to maintain quality over the years. However, it increased the dependency on the farmers and the variations in the productions affected the company. This made the price of the coffee in the Starbucks higher and the business was rendered unprofitable. In the case of Australia this was one of the factors for the closure of various shops. (Starbucks Coffee Company, n.d.) Operations: In the case of the Starbucks in Australia, the company operated as in the case of the other countries. There were no modifications of the products and no efforts were made to make the products suit the needs of the people in Australia. The ambience of the stores were similar to that of the other parts of the world which did not provide additional value to the customers in Australia. The main factor for the success of Starbucks in the other parts was the essence on â€Å"coffee culture†. However, in Australia, the â€Å"coffee culture† was already in place and the company could not provide extra facilities to the people. (Why Starbucks failed in Australia, 13th August, 2008) Outbound logistics: The Starbucks operates through the chain of stores in the other parts of the world. In the case of Australia, the company opened over 80 stores that were placed in the urbanized areas. The expansion never took of in a big country like that of Australia and the company had presence only in some of the pockets. (Starbucks goes cold in Australia, 29th July, 2008). Marketing and Sales: Starbucks is a well known brand all over the globe. However, surprisingly, the company has never resorted to the aggressive marketing policies. In the case of Australia, the company never marketed the brand aggressively and there were campaigns like the â€Å"red cups on cars† where starbucks cups were placed on top of cars and taxis. The company depended on the â€Å"word of mouth†

Arguments for Vitro Human Embryo Research

Arguments for Vitro Human Embryo Research Mallory Marschall The 14-Day Rule Scientific advancement is accelerating, but current laws and regulations fail to keep up with its progress. This problem leads to several ethical and legal dilemmas in various fields of biology. This problem is especially prominent in embryology. Laboratories focusing on in vitro fertilization have been growing embryos and then implanting them on the seventh day (Hyun et. al 169). Due to recent advances, research labs are currently able to grow embryos in vitro up to 14 days (Hyun et. al 169). Current policies and laws around the world are preventing scientist from continuing their work past 14 days. The Ethics Advisory Board of the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare first proposed this rule in 1979. The 14-day rule is a regulatory line that limits in vitro human embryo research (Hyun et. al 170). This regulation prevents labs from allowing the embryo to survive and keep growing after 14 days. The line is drawn at 14 days because it stops growth before the prim itive streak appears. In other words, it marks the beginning of gastrulation in humans (Reardon 19). The 14-day rule is a strictly enforced law in Canada, Spain, United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Slovenia, Iceland, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. In other countries, such as the United States, China, Japan, and India it is not a law but is enforced specifically in all scientific guidelines. Switzerland maintains a strict law that only allows human-embryos to be cultured for 7 days (Hyun et. al 171). The 14-day rule has been used internationally, but due to recent advancements there is now a debate over changing this rule. To solve this current problem, it is important to consider the pros and cons of changing the regulation. There are several benefits of not only continuing in vitro human embryo research but extending the time frame past 14 days. Embryology research has led to new information and advancement in various areas of science. These recent advancements have allowed scientist to understand new aspects of early human development some of which have never been seen before (Reardon 15). This new information is important because it could allow doctors to understand why some pregnancies fail during the early stages of pregnancy (Reardon 15). For example, a recent study has discovered and identified special cells that show up in the embryo around day 10 but disappears by day 12 these cells could lead to new advancements (Reardon 16). This developmental step in embryos was previously unknown. The importance of the research conducted using the 14-day rule can be observed in the new research which is consistently being published. Therefore, even more information could be gathered by extending the time fra me past 14 days. Gaining more knowledge regarding the development of humans could greatly benefit couples who have difficulty conceiving. Another benefit from understanding human embryo development is that it would allow more research in developing human embryonic stem cell-based therapies (Niakan et. al 28). These cells have been used to study hematopoietic tissue for the treatment of various blood disorders and cardiogenic precursors for the treatment of heart and vascular disease (Niakan et. al 28). By continuing in vitro research more advancements could be made toward the treatment or cure of several diseases. The fertility industry could greatly benefit from extending the number of days allowed to grow an embryo in vitro past 14 days. A recent study in a IVF clinic in New York City showed that half of the embryos that are implanted in a mothers uterus doesnt survive (Reardon 16). By continuing to grow embryos in vitro scientist could learn the reason behind this problem and prevent future losses of implanted embryos. Future assisted reproductive technologies could be greatly advanced through the understanding of early human embryo development (Niakan et. al 1). A current argument suggests that studying the development of in vitro human embryos is unnecessary. These groups propose using mouse embryos for in vitro studies instead of human embryos (Reardon 16). Unfortunately, there are several species-specific differences such as the timing of a major wave of genome activation, the patterns of gene expression, the frequency of chromosome missegregation and the patterns of epigenetic modifica tions which make the data collect from mouse embryos less applicable to human studies (Niakan et. al 1). To create and improve new fertility treatments the 14-day rule needs the be evaluated to make room for progress. As stated above, there are several benefits for the allowing in vitro human embryo research to continue. It is critical to understand there are several disadvantages to allowing the current regulation to change. The first issue with extending the time frame of in vitro embryo research is deciding what the next time frame limit should be. There is a moral issue in deciding a new time frame. An important argument to consider is growing an embryo for an extended period could cause the embryo undue distress. Other groups are against embryo research because they believe life starts at the moment of conception, therefore vitro embryo research should be stopped completely. No matter what is decided in the future the most important factor to ensure the success of the future law is to guarantee that the new policy has a clear and legally enforced stopping point for research (Hyun et. al 170). Due to advancements in the embryology field it is now possible to grow an embryo in a laboratory for more than 14 days. The ethical and legal issue of whether to allow scientist to grow an embryo after 14 days needs to be carefully considered. As progress is made laws and regulations need to match. There are several different beliefs regarding this issue and each need to be heard and considered. There are two extreme groups believe that embryo research should be stopped completely or that the research shouldnt have a limit. A larger portion of the science community maintain the idea that committees from around the world should meet and discuss the rule and create a new limits and regulations. The extremely successful 14-day rule was created in a similar manner and the new law should be created using the same method. It is crucial that during these international meeting that all the member reflect on the restriction and the pros and cons of any new regulations (Hyun et. al, 170). The most efficient method to solve this current dilemma is to create open discussion with scientific communities from around the world instead of leaving the decision to an individual government or committee. Work Cited Harper, Joyce C et al. Current Issues in Medically Assisted Reproduction and Genetics in Europe: Research, Clinical Practice, Ethics, Legal Issues and Policy. European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. European journal of human geneticsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: EJHG 21 Suppl 2.Suppl 2 (2013): S1-21. Web. 23 Jan. 2017. Hyun, Insoo, Amy Wilkerson, and Josephine Johnston. Embryology Policy: Revisit the 14-Day Rule. Nature 533.7602 (2016): 169-171. Web. 22 Jan. 2017. Niakan, Kathy K et al. Human Pre-Implantation Embryo Development. Development (Cambridge, England) 139.5 (2012): 829-41. Web. 23 Jan. 2017. Reardon, Sara. Human Embryos Grown in Lab for Longer than Ever before. Nature 533.7601 (2016): 15-16. Web. 26 Jan. 2017.

Irregularities in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Irregularities in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay.    In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello:    Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arises from the fact that this leaves no time for her to have had â€Å"stol’n hours of lust,† certainly not to have enjoyed them repeatedly, as Iago alleges. In such allusions to frequent adultery as III.iii.340-43 and V.ii.211-12, Shakespeare slides over from Short to Long Time very successfully; the audience is not invited to consider that Othello is forgetting that Desdemona was not in the same ship as Cassio, and has had no chance since. We accept it as possible for her to have been unfaithful, though we know she was not. (1199)    Consider the basic plot and what a â€Å"house of cards† it is. Without extreme good luck, such a plot would not be possible. A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the important â€Å"accidents† that befell the antagonist during his deception of the general:    The skill of Iago was extraordinary, but so was his good fortune. Again and again a chance word from Desdemona, a chance meeting of Othello and Cassio, a question which starts to our lips and which anyone but Othello would have asked, would have destroyed Iago’s plot and ended his life. In their stead, Desdemona drops her handkerchief at the moment most favourable to him, Cassio blunders into the presence of Othe... ...ally to be moving in the right direction. (329)          WORKS CITED    Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello.† Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10; and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16.    Kermode, Frank. Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.         

Identity in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Alice Walkers The Color Purple :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Identity in Richard Wright’s Native Son and Alice Walker's The Color Purple Personal identity is vital to living a worthwhile life. A person who goes through life without knowing what he or she stands for and believes in is living an incomplete life. Those who lack an understanding of their identity will unintentionally accept outsiders’ opinions and stereotypes of them. This harmful position can be seen in many characters from the African-American Literature class. Bigger Thomas, from Richard Wright’s, Native Son, is one lost character. Another character who lacks understanding is Alice Walker’s Celie, from The Color Purple. Both of these characters have a different awareness level of the position that they stand in, and that level changes throughout their respective stories as they attempt to determine what is of importance to them. Bigger Thomas is one character, yet he represents the condition of numerous people. Richard Wright manifested his character from various people that he encountered and rolled all of those interactions and emotions into one character. One reason that the name â€Å"Bigger† is very appropriate for this character is that the name prevents the readers from limiting the character to one person. The name represents more of a complex than a person. This complex includes all young colored men who do not see how they fit into the big picture of society. Bigger does not know what his identity is. He did not receive an abundance of love and support as a child to give him the crucial confidence needed for him to fight for a position in life. Instead, he followed into the stereotypical roles for a poor black man on the streets of Chicago. Bigger often was in trouble with the law. He stole from stores and carried weapons on him. He got into fights with the guys who he hung out with. He did not have a job even though his family had very little to survive economically. These are all traits of the â€Å"bad Negro,† which is another reasoning for the name â€Å"Bigger.† If Bigger had more confidence in what he could accomplish with his abilities, he would challenge the rules that keep him out of the flight school.

The Progression of Huck’s Maturity

As the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, progresses, Huck becomes more mature. The reader can see this change in maturity by the level of his thinking and the changes it undergoes. The maturation of Huck is also evident in pranks that he plays, which progressively change his attitude and the way he thinks. The book starts off with a Huck that has a wild nature, and is not civilized. He is in Tom Sawyer’s â€Å"gang† that plays pranks of people. The prank that Tom and Huck play on Jim, Miss Watson’s slave, really stands out. Huck and Tom take Jim’s hat and hide it up on a tree branch above him while he is sleeping. Huck later realizes that Jim â€Å"was most ruined for a servant, because he got stuck up on account of having seen the devil and been rode by witches† (Twain 16). His prank set Jim up for a bad image, which had a negative repercussion which Huck did not see, showing his immaturity. Another prank Huck plays in which he doesn’t judge the consequences before hand, is when he places the dead snake in Jim’s bed. Unaware that the snake’s mate would come after the body, Huck causes Jim to be bit by a snake, which is very dangerous. Later on in the novel, Huck plays another prank on Jim, in which he pretends that nothing happened, when in reality, Huck and Jim are separated in the fog. He convinces Jim that Jim is crazy, and this concerns Jim. Huck feels â€Å"so mean [that he] could [have] almost kissed his foot to get him to take it back† after Jim insults Huck for making fun of Jim (Twain 75). He later apologizes, and regains the trust, but he realizes that not all of his pranks are good. Finally, Huck shows that he is much more mature when the â€Å"Duke† and the â€Å"Dauphin† come on the ship. Huck realizes that these two conmen are just bluffing their status. However he â€Å"never [says] nothing, never let on; kept it to [himself]† because then â€Å"you don’t have quarrels, and don’t get into no trouble† (Twain 104). He didn’t mind calling them what they wanted to be called, â€Å"‘long as it would keep peace in the family† (Twain 104). Overall, Huck grows in his maturity greatly. While encountering his personal experiences with Jim, and away from society, he grows as an individual with a greater moral and maturity.

Why Do the Events of 1857-8 in India Matter?

The events of 1857-8 are extremely significant and have changed India dramatically into the India we see today. We see the British taking over India from the East India Company after a ‘mutiny’ in 1857 and welcoming it into a colony in the British Empire. It was described as â€Å"the jewel in the crown† of the British Empire because of their rich sources such as silk that were deported from India to countries in Europe. This made Britain considerably richer and greedier as they increased their power by continuing to expand their empire.The British made many positive changes as well as negative changes in India during their rule such as introducing technology such as expanding railways for everyone to use, and education for some Indians. These are just a few changes that helped a trade-inspired outlook within India. Nevertheless, they also took advantage of the Indians by making money from their resources, charging them heavy taxes to use in Britain and sending ma ny Indians to fight for Britain in the First World War.We see that many changes shaped the modern India today, but why do these changes matter to us? We find out much about British rule in India from the outbreak of fighting of the mutiny before 1857 as it tells us about how the East India Company forced strict rules and intervened upon the Hindu society such as ignoring their religious beliefs, which was one of the key factors leading up to the Indian ‘mutiny’. We see that although some changes did benefit from the Indians, the general attitude was negative, since all Indians were heavily taxed as discriminated.The way Britain changed from a trader to a ruler reveals to us how greedy Britain were at the time and how powerful as they could gain control of such a big country like India. We also can see how the British abused their power as they treated the Indians unfairly, as, in an account written by Vishnubhat Godse, an Indian who was living in the city of Jhansi in 1 857, described how they British took power of it.He remarked that the English were â€Å"shooting down every man that they saw and setting fire to houses† while entering the city and described that â€Å"the terror in the city at this time was immeasurable† and that the â€Å"screaming and crying was endless†. We see that the Indians were portrayed as vulnerable and weak as the British took over. Furthermore, the British broke their own policy, the Doctrine of Lapse by taking over the city since the deceased prince did have an adopted son. This shows the desire for more territory overpowering the need to follow the treaties they had made with he princes of states and therefore ignoring their own rules. The corruption, ignorance and brutality within the East India Company showed that they were not successful in ruling as it caused the mutiny in 1857 and therefore made the Indians very unhappy. The accounts of events of 1857 reveal to us that India was not ruled w ell, was a much divided country and that the citizens in general were not satisfied on being controlled by Britain . Many Indians were very unhappy about the British interfering in Hindu socio-religious affairs and charging them high taxes etc.However, many Indians benefited from British rule and profited much from trade. Europeans who had settled down in India were considered of a much higher class than the Indians and Indians were discriminated. This reveals how people in India all had different attitudes towards the British. We can see that by many different accounts of the outbreak of fighting in India. For example, an English clergyman’s wife describes in her diary the â€Å"horror† that the Indians have inflicted and how there was â€Å"heavy firing all day† and how â€Å"ten Europeans were killed†.However, another account from an Indian man, Vishnubhat Godse, claimed that he â€Å"was filled with dread† and that the English soldiers â€Å"t ortured them, demanding rupees, gold, pearls or other valuables† and if they found those, they sometimes would let the innocent Indians free. These primary sources reveal to us how chaotic India was and the different views people held. We can also draw from this how unsuccessful Britain was at ruling. The consequences of 1857 changed India to be the India we see today.In 1858, Queen Victoria read, â€Å"We disclaim the right and desire to impose out [Christian] convictions on any of our subjects†. This meant that she did not want to bring about any further religious change in India. The British invested heavily in large irrigation projects in order to increase food production and primary education for Indians. They also dramatically expanded the railways and jobs in the government were opened to Indian applicants. These are just some of the examples of the changes made to make India a trade-inspired country and modernised.This can be considered the first step made to ma king the India it is today. Even though the ‘mutiny’ did not gain independence for the Indians, this was a significant turning point in the history of India. The ‘mutiny’, regarded by many as India's first War of Independence, had many important consequences and the structure of British India was to be re-organised extensively, including the East India company being cast out on its role and Queen Victoria being crowned Empress of India in 1877, the British investing in large irrigation projects, education and railways.However, there had been no real danger that British rule in India would be overthrown during the ‘mutiny’. The majority of the native soldiers had remained loyal. In fact, without them the British could hardly have suppressed the rebellion. During the attack on Delhi, for example, from the 11,200 soldiers on the British side, there were 7,900 Indian soldiers. Large areas of the country remained unaffected by what the Indians calle d  Ã¢â‚¬Å"the devil's wind. † So had the revolt been?Was it just a military mutiny in a part of the army, as the British believed, or a national uprising, as later Indian historians have argued? The truth lies somewhere in between. It was traditional India that had risen against the British, as the British had tried to push Christianity upon the Indians, the India which remembered its past, hated the present and dreaded the future that was now absolutely certain to belong to the Westernized Indian, and not to the Indian soldiers or princes.The ‘mutiny’ is a chapter of Indian history that will be remembered as something to learn from and although the British defeated the Indians in the ‘mutiny’, many Indians still desired independence as they felt they were not treated fairly. This mattered significantly as the unsatisfied need for independence continued even though good changes were made. Therefore this was a key point in Indian history which was re membered and was certainly a factor to build up to when India actually gained independence in 1947.It also resulted in change in the attitudes of the citizens after the ‘mutiny’ as many Indians were treated maliciously after the ‘mutiny’ as we can see from ‘Empire’ by Jeremy Paxman: â€Å"Entire villages were burned down; mutineers were smeared in pig fat before execution, tied to the muzzles of cannon and blown to pieces. At the site of Cawnpore massacre rebels were made to lick the dried blood from the floor† From this short xtract be can see how unmerciful the British were after the mutiny, as they killed rebels in painful ways while making them break the rules of their faith by smearing them in pig fat and making them lick blood from the floor as it broke their religious beliefs. The way the Indians were treated will always be remembered and so it continues the need for independence. However, many good changes were made after the m utiny that will be remembered as good such as the modernisation of the country to give India a trade-inspired outlook. So how do the events of 1857-8 matter?They matter because the ‘mutiny’ made a platform for a bigger rebellion for independence, it brought India the technology it needed, and Britain started to build India to be the India we see today, although there were some negative effects as well. As a modern audience, we can remember these events in a positive light, and remember them as changes that put India onto a road to modernisation. Images The 93rd Sutherland Highlanders, November 1857 during the Indian Mutiny Incident in the Subzee Mundee, a watercolour of the Indian Mutiny or rebellion of 1857 by British artist G F Atkinson Drawing railways the British built in India

Rock Ideology

Does popular music equate to commercial success? Is mass appeal enough to describe popular music? The answers to these questions may not come in handy. Oftentimes, what are considered to be popular music are the ones that are often played in the radio or promoted through various television shows and programs. Record sales and concert attendance are also important factors in determining (popular music). Yet, if one has to take a closer look, the above-given considerations can be summed up in achieving commercial triumph. However, for experts, there is a thing line that demarcates popular music from those that have emerged victorious from the economy of music making. Through the years, various musical genres have emerged. Their existence can be attributed for several reasons. First, music goes through a series of changes and transformations. Each and every generation of musicians and artists are on a constant experiment on how to create new sounds that can possible exceed the expectations of their predecessors. The other reason stems from the fact that the audience’s musical needs vary from time to time. Like food, music is a media commodity that must be constantly consumed by its specific target market or audience. But the moment wherein the peaks of satiety levels have been already reached, there is a strong tendency for an individual to look or crave for another media commodity that can attend to his or her demands. If music is viewed both as a commodity and a form of expression, then there is no doubt that being popular is also relative to being commercially triumphant. However, this generic notion tends to abolish music’s true meaning, essence, value and social significance. Commercial success, if such will be used as framework for what accounts as popular music stripped off the latter’s intrinsic and intangible characteristics and features. Each musical genre goes through such concerns. Musicians and artists alike are trapped within the norms of creating music for profit and at the same time maintaining their musical integrity and artistry. With regards to categorizing popular music, it is apparent that Rock and Roll often finds itself as the center of argument between music scholars and expert. Many Rock and Roll bands have managed to become commercially efficient, yet some stress that the lack of musical authenticity deprives them from being considered as popular music. On the other hand, it cannot be denied that there are some Rock and Roll bands which have remained popular only to a few selective audiences, their commercial appeal is not highlighted, yet they are often tagged as popular music. This discussion aims to tackle how Rock and Roll struggles to balance its profit-based orientation and at the same time preserve the pure and unadulterated nature of its music. The paper will also deal with rock ideology, its effect on the music’s fan base and youth culture and on the overall nature of Rock and Roll per se. Rockin the Youth Culture Beebe, Fullbrook and Saunders (2002) explained that Rock and Roll and youth culture are interrelated to each other. The two readily share a special relationship. Rock and Roll is the youth and the youth is Rock and Roll. The two seem to find it hard to be separated from each other. For one reason, a number of youth groups are able to relate to the themes perpetuated by Rock and Roll. The music became the youth’s language in articulating their own concerns and issues that cannot be overtly expressed through direct communication or confrontational scenarios. As Epstein (1998) emphasized, rock music played an important role within many youth subcultural groups wherein musical tastes and preferences provide a sense of belongingness and togetherness. Rock and Roll allowed these youngsters to relate and identify themselves to the youth’s basic needs and demands (Epstein, 1998). Gillet (1996) explained that Rock music is able to provide pleasure—the kind of satisfaction that no other musical genres can provide. But of course, this is something that extends beyond entertainment purposes. Through co-optation, as Grossberg (1997) maintains, the intersection of youth culture and Rock and Roll is preserved and sustained. Rock and Roll and Popular Music Kellog (2003) discussed that popular music is a representation or reflection of the cultural facets of society wherein it emanates. He added that the evolution of Rock and Roll is heavily influenced by the post-war era. In a time wherein a nation is trying to recover from war’s damages, the seemingly antagonistic and hostile nature of rock and roll would not really come as a surprise. It is not uncommon for such music to tackle social dilemmas that are experienced by the community. This is most especially felt during the times wherein Rock and Roll is on the process of growth and development. In Latin America for example, rock music functioned for propaganda purposes (Hernandez, L’Hoeste   & Zolov, 2004). Going back, it can be seen that such music is not merely used for entertainment activities. To give pleasure and at the same time take into consideration society’s critical issues transformed rock music into something that is revolutionary in nature. Commercially Popular Sterns (2001) emphasized that Rock and Roll is â€Å"eminently commercial.† The glitter and glamour that is associated with it is a concrete sign of a consumer-oriented music. There is the desire to garner mass appeal which is nonetheless avoided by those individuals that belong to the counter-culture (Sterns, 2001). Placing too much importance on form over substance makes Rock music prone to being a â€Å"consumer item (Sterns, 2001).† However, Hernandez, L’Hoeste and Zolov (2004) mentioned that under the circumstances wherein Rock music strayed from entertainment function, Rock and Roll as popular music has now differentiated itself from music that are commercially produced, this is of course in reference to the Latin American Rock music scene. Rock as popular music in contrast to rock as consumer item can be differentiated into four different ways. The latter’s differences are deeply characterized by its content and social function. First of all, rock as popular music possesses â€Å"intrinsic intent† which is to promote awareness to social and political issues (Hernandez, L’Hoeste & Zolov, 2004). Secondly, it breaks free from â€Å"bodily gratifications, wherein Rock is produced as something worth listening since it embodies the Pan Latin-American dream (Hernandez, L’Hoeste & Zolov, 2004). The lat but definitely not the least is that Rock has revolutionized the term â€Å"popular† wherein it previously refer to music created via the use of indigenous instruments (Hernandez, L’Hoeste & Zolov, 2004). In the meantime, going against commerciality, most especially as for the case of Rock and Roll bands may seem too complicated. This stems from the fact that these musicians earn their bread and butter from this industry. Yet, in as much as musical authenticity and artistry is concerned in popular music, Marshall (2005) explained that popular music must adhere to the canons of music making in the Romantic period. During those times, music creation was focused on maintaining the â€Å"truth† in artist and music’s intention, regardless of whether it would be socially accepted or not by many (Marshall, 2005). Rock Ideology In order to preserve authenticity in rock music, may bands have successfully practiced the so-called rock ideology (Frith, 2007). Rock ideology purports that the music has an exclusive   fan base or community that highlights their individualistic approach and orientations (Frith, 2007). This is in stark contrast to pop icons and celebrities whose popularities are attained through excessive media hype and exaggeration. In other words, rock to maintain its ideology must create music that is not present in other genres and would cater to a specific set of audience. In this aspect, rock and roll is famous but its scope and coverage is far by more limited and narrow. It can be categorized as popular music but only within smaller groups, compared to music that follows a certain kind of formula. Once and for all, rock as popular music is something that cannot be readily digested and appreciated by everybody else. And so through following its ideological threshold, the genre qualifies into the context of popular music—something that is worth listening and packed with cultural and social significance. References Beebe, R.; Fullbrook, D and Saunders, B. (2002) Rock Over the Edge: Transformation in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Popular Music Culture.   USA: Duke University Press Epstein, J. (1998). Youth Culture: Identity in a Postmodern World. Massachusetts:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blackwell Publishing Frith, S. (2007). Taking Popular Music Seriously: Selected Essays. Hampshire, England:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ashgate Publishing Gillett, C. (1996). The Sound of the City: The Rise of Rock and Roll. USA: Da Capo Press Grossberg, L. (1997). Dancing in Spite of Myself: Essays on Popular Culture. USA: Duke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   University Press Hernandez, D; L’Hoeste, H and Zolov, E. (2004). Rockin’ Las Americas: The Global Politics   Ã‚   of Rock in Latin/o America. Pittsbyurgh, USA: University of Pittsburgh Press Kellog, W. (2003). American History The Easy Way. New York: Barron’s Online Bookstore Marshall, L. (2005). Bootlegging: Romanticism and Copyright in the Music Industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London: Sage Publications Sterns, P (2001). Consumerism in World History: The Global Transformation of Desire. London: Routledge

Censorship and Shock Jocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Censorship and Shock Jocks - Essay Example Howard Stern has said, "It is pretty shocking that governmental interference into our rights and free speech takes place in the U.S., ... It's hard to reconcile this with the 'land of the free' and the 'home of the brave.' "2 Apparently many times callers have tried to get Howard Stern's show censored by the FCC. According to the FCC, "[callers who complain] stating only that the objectionable programming 'discussed sex' or had a 'disgusting discussion of sex' is not sufficient. Moreover, the FCC must know the context when analyzing whether specific, isolated words or images are obscene, indecent, or profane."3 Many times, Howard Stern has had people on his show who are on the fringes of society, including porn stars, hookers, wrestling personalities, politicians, and all kinds of people from various sectors of the American landscape. He prides himself on his show being one of the most controversial there is. Howard Stern's language has apparently not only been a bane to the FCC in the past, but also in the present. The FCC has long challenged many of Howard Stern's statements as being profane or obscene or indecent in nature. Truly, these kinds of shows are not meant to offend intentionally-or, perhaps they are. But the basic point of these kinds of shows is that they force people to think and reevaluate their concepts and notions of right and wrong. Radio persIn that regard, Howard Stern continues to push the envelope as a shock jock. He continually makes comments that are rude, crass, and otherwise disgusting-all in the name of entertainment. Howard Stern does this mainly to entertain-and shock-his listeners. He is known for saying outrageous things. Howard Stern flies in the face of modern radio broadcasting. His foul mouth, his daring attitude, and not-so-subtle displays of affection on his show have shocked and offended many, perhaps. However, what makes Howard Stern appealing as an artist is the very fact that he does shock his listeners. If it weren't for that added touch, he wouldn't be as special as other radio personalities. Radio personalities such as Howard Stern should not be censored because their

Management accounting for Sustainable Development Essay

Management accounting for Sustainable Development - Essay Example In the fifties, the concept of growth came as an unexplored horizon in Economics. However when this theory failed to reconstruct the world under the Marshall plan, then economists like Arrow brought a new concept popularly identified as development. Development differs from growth in the way that growth only considers the economic variables of human life while development is more interested in socio economic factors. The concept of development seems to be more justified than growth particularly improving the third world countries. However, whether development can be sustained or not, considering the limited amount of resources in the world, remained unanswered till 1987. Again, development suffers not only from the resource constraint but human life is constantly leaving some permanent marks through some irreversible changes, which also constraints development. The concept of sustainable development put its first step in the human mindset through Brundtland report named as â€Å"Our Common Future† (1987). Under sustainable development the needs of the present generation gets satisfied without compromising the future generation’s ability to satisfy their requirements. Sustainable development can be called as a culmination of the decision making process towards sustainability with the internalization of environmental costs. With this cost concept comes the most important and touchy factor known as ‘pricing of environmental goods’.